2000-2012年陕西省复种指数时空分布及潜力分析

利用MODIS数据,经过去云和Savitzky-Golay平滑处理,根据农作物生长曲线变化特征剔除干扰峰,结合陕西省土地利用数据、统计数据和气象数据,运用地统计趋势分析、年际变化分析和标准差的方法,获取陕西省2000-2012年复种指数时空分布及潜力分布.结果表明:陕西省复种指数地域差异显著,由北向南先增后减,呈现一定的纬度特征.复种指数年际变化也存在地域差异,与地貌类型和农业现代化水平密切相关.陕西省平均复种指数为160.32％,平均复种潜力为184.29％,陕南地区可挖掘潜力最大,其次是陕北地区和关中地区.研究结果可为陕西省农业政策制定及粮食估产提供依据.     

日本金龟子在中国适生区的预测

日本金龟子PopilliajaponicaNewman是一种重要的害虫 ,主要危害草坪和观赏植物。日本金龟子原产日本 ,现在已经分布于许多国家 ,并且造成了严重的经济损失。目前中国尚未有该虫分布。本文通过以计算机为基础的生态气候模型—CLIMEX ,利用气候数据来预测日本金龟子适合的地理分布区 ,预测结果是日本金龟子可以在中国大约 31个市、县地区生存 ,主要是沿海地区和长江流域 ,尤其是中国的中东部地区     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

转基因抗虫三系杂交棉邯杂棉13号选育及栽培技术

邯杂棉13号于2021年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,在冀中南春播植棉区平均生育期120 d,株高103.7 cm,铃重6.4 g,抗枯萎病、耐黄萎病、抗棉铃虫;2018―2019年河北省冀中南春播杂交棉区域试验中,邯杂棉13号每666.7 m²平均籽棉、皮棉和霜前皮棉产量分别为269.3 kg、113.5 kg和102.2 kg。简述了转基因抗虫三系杂交棉邯杂棉13号的选育过程、特征特性、栽培技术措施及制种技术要点。     

拮抗茄子黄萎病菌土壤放线菌的分离筛选和鉴定

为了研究土壤拮抗性放线菌对茄子黄萎病的生防价值,从陕西省延安市宝塔区与汉中地区土壤中分离、纯化获得154株具有纤维素降解活性的放线菌。采用平板对峙培养法进行初筛,用生长速率法对抑菌效果较好的菌株ZX-10-4进行抑菌谱的测定,并进行盆栽试验验证其对茄子黄萎病的防治效果,通过形态、培养特征及16S rDNA序列分析研究其分类地位。结果显示,有17株放线菌对茄子黄萎病菌抑菌效果较好且抑菌活性稳定,其中菌株ZX-10-4的抑菌活性最高,抑菌率达90.15%;活性菌株ZX-10-4发酵原液对茄子黄萎病的保护和治疗作用分别为70.00%和60.33%,稀释5倍液的防效也在50%以上。根据形态、培养特征、生理生化指标和16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定菌株ZX-10-4为白网链霉菌Streptomyces albireticuli的近似种。     

不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃抗寒性的影响

为了解不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃抗寒性的影响,以"中宁强""中宁异""加州黑"和"核桃"作砧木,嫁接‘绿岭’核桃的2年生幼树为试材,分别在-5、-10、-15、-20、-25、-30℃低温胁迫后,测定其1年生枝条的电解质渗出率、丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等指标,分析其耐寒能力。结果表明:随着胁迫温度的下降,4种砧木的‘绿岭’核桃枝条的电解质渗出率呈‘S’型上升趋势,"中宁强""中宁异""加州黑""核桃"砧木‘绿岭’核桃的半致死温度分别为-21.7、-22.3、-25.3、-22.8℃;丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化均呈先升后降的趋势,丙二醛含量在-25℃出现峰值;保护酶活性、脯氨酸含量在-20℃出现峰值;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量峰值出现在-15℃;运用隶属函数法进行抗寒性综合评价,得出4种砧木‘绿岭’核桃抗寒顺序为"加州黑""核桃""中宁强""中宁异",表明在抗寒性方面,"加州黑"是适合‘绿岭’核桃的砧木。     

六六六在生态环境中的行为特征与起用林丹的科学依据

本文根据80年代初中国生态环境中六六六的污染概况,特别是六六六各异构体在植物、动物样品中的残留水平,在土壤中的消解、被作物吸收和在食物链中生物浓缩的特     

枯草芽胞杆菌与氟环唑联用对禾谷镰孢霉的增效作用机制

为验证枯草芽胞杆菌与氟环唑联用对禾谷镰孢霉的增效作用,用平板倒扣法和固体平板扩散法—打孔法测定菌药联用后枯草芽胞杆菌挥发性物质、抗真菌蛋白对禾谷镰孢霉的抑菌活性,观察抗真菌蛋白对禾谷镰孢霉菌丝形态的影响,并用刚果红染色法测定菌药联用后枯草芽胞杆菌纤维素酶活性。结果表明:菌药联用对禾谷镰孢霉的最高抑菌活性可达74.44%,表现增效和持效作用;枯草芽胞杆菌挥发性物质和抗真菌蛋白分别与氟环唑联用均可增强禾谷镰孢霉抑菌活性;菌药联用后枯草芽胞杆菌纤维素酶活性提高。研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌与氟环唑联用的增效机制是增强枯草芽胞杆菌挥发性物质对禾谷镰孢霉的抑菌活性,抗真菌蛋白活性的提高加强了禾谷镰孢霉菌丝溶解的程度,纤维素酶活性的增强提高了禾谷镰孢霉空间竞争作用和生物防治潜能。     

The role of toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is an important agent of swine and human meningitis. Sequence type (ST) 7 emerged in China and was responsible for the human epidemic caused by S. suis in 2005. The virulence of S. suis ST7 is greater than the wild type pathogenic S. suis, ST1; however, the mechanisms for this increased pathogenicity are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of different toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in regulating the host response to the S. suis infection and to speculate on differing mechanisms used by ST7 strains to induce disease. Here we compared two ST7 strains isolated in the 2005 Sichuan outbreak to two ST1 strains. Our data show TLR2, 6 and 9 are involved in the recognition of heat-killed S. suis independent of the ST type. We found the TLR-dependent cytokine production differed between the two types of strains using whole cell lysate proteins. TLR6 played a greater role in cytokine production induced by the whole cell lysate proteins from the ST7 strain than in that induced by the ST1 strain lysates. The data suggest that mechanisms of inflammation induced by S. suis strains differ where this will be useful in designing efficient strategies in combating streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by the S. suis ST7 strains.     

Protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats on UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo

UVB radiation proves to be one of the most relevant environmental risks because of its hazardous effects, such as premature skin aging and especially skin photocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins, water-soluble pigments present in plants, are known to be powerful antioxidants that help protect plants from UV damage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] seed coats on UVB-induced apoptosis, and furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism responsible for regulation of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with anthocyanins reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species levels and inhibited UVB-induced apoptotic cell death through the prevention of caspase-3 pathway activation and reduction of proapoptotic Bax protein levels. UVB irradiation induced apoptotic cell death, which was inhibited by topical application of anthocyanins in hairless mice. It is concluded that anthocyanins from the seed coat of black soybeans may be useful compounds to modulate UVB-induced photoaging.