几个新疆主栽果树树种抗寒性初步研究

以新疆9个常见果树的1年生休眠枝条为试材,在低温胁迫下测定其电解质渗出率,用Logistic曲线拟合求出拐点温度即半致死温度作为各试材抗寒力评价的参考指标。结果表明:9个树种中西梅和砀山梨的抗寒性最强,黄连木最弱。抗寒性由强至弱为西梅砀山梨库尔勒香梨枣扎343新新2温185阿月浑子黄连木。     

钙果物理参数和生物力学特性试验

为减少钙果在收获中的机械损伤，对品系为农大5号的钙果果实的3轴尺寸、密度、结实度以及采摘力进行了分析。结果表明:农大5号在采收时期的平均粒径大小呈正态分布；随着果实成熟度的增大，果实的结实度会降低；果实的抗挤压能力具有各向异性，顶部受到的抗压力最大，纵向次之，横向最小；果实成熟前期在受到横向、纵向及顶部压力时，其变异系数分别为27.0%、27.5%和23.9%；随着加载速率的提高，摘果的平均力呈下降趋势，表现为拉力在5 mmmin时最大，15 mmmin时次之，45 mmmin时最小；对农大5号钙果果实的采摘拉力进行回归模型分析，其决定系数为0.995 9。试验结果可为钙果采摘装置的结构参数和工作参数提供试验基础依据。      

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留分析方法。样品经乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析后,取有机相用Qu EChERS方法净化,利用GC-MS/MS在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。5种杀螨剂在0.005~0.5mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r^2均>0.996,方法定量限为0.005 mg/kg。在0.005、0.01和0.1mg/kg 3种添加水平下,加标回收率为70.6%~111.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%~14.64%。本方法简便、重现性良好,可用于柑橘类水果样品中杀螨剂的日常检测。     

抚顺地区一次温度预报错误分析

针对2012年3月7日抚顺地区一次温度预报出现明显偏差的情况,从高低空环流形势和地面形势等方面对气象过程进行了概述,并从温度平流、垂直运动和非绝热因子方面对预报失误的原因进行了分析。     

2010—2019年江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故分析及对策建议

依据中国渔政指挥系统江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故的统计资料,对2010—2019年事故的发生时间、事故起数、死亡人数、事故类型和事故等级等方面进行了统计分析。结果表明,江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故以一般等级事故居多,事故发生时间呈现一定规律性,渔船自身安全隐患突出,从业人员岗位技能不足,渔船安全管理责任不到位。基于分析结果,提出压降一般等级事故,遏制较大等级以上事故,提高风险管控和事故防范能力的对策建议。     

施硒和6-BA对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响

【目的】明确氨基酸硒和6-BA对葡萄叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的影响,为延缓叶片衰老技术的提出提供理论依据。【方法】以设施延迟栽培条件下叶片衰老速度不同的‘意大利’和‘无核白鸡心’2个葡萄品种为试材,分别进行叶面喷施氨基酸硒和6-BA处理,以喷施等量清水作为对照,研究施硒及6-BA对叶片衰老期间各功能叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】与对照相比,外源氨基酸硒和6-BA处理显著延缓了叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)的下降,提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,从而减慢了丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)的上升速率,延缓了叶片衰老。2个品种间比较,‘意大利’叶片衰老缓慢,在生育后期仍能维持较高的抗氧化酶活性。【结论】氨基酸硒和6-BA处理可有效提高叶片的抗衰老能力,延长叶片的功能期。