毛管间距对膜下滴灌棉花根系及植株生长的影响

在大田膜下滴灌条件下,对毛管间距影响棉花根系分布及植株生长的特点进行了试验研究。试验中滴灌毛管布置间距分别为130、90 cm;观测了棉花不同生育阶段的根系分布及单株株高、叶面积。试验结果表明,毛管间距大,导致灌水量也大,土壤易出现深层渗漏,而且土壤水分水平分布均匀性差,造成内、外行棉花长势不均匀,棉花根茎小,根长密度水平方向呈单峰抛物线分布,垂直方向14~28 cm土层处根长密度最大;而毛管间距小,土壤水分水平分布均匀,内、外行棉花长势均匀,棉花根茎大,根长密度水平方向呈双峰抛物线分布,垂直方向0~14 cm土层处根长密度最大。但2种毛管布置间距的棉花根系生长过程、株高及叶面积生长过程均符合相同的规律。试验结果为滴灌技术设计中选定土壤湿润比和毛管间距提供参考。     

智能植物生长柜环境测控系统的设计

食品安全问题的频繁出现使得人们对于绿色健康食品的渴望越来越强烈。本文提出了一款基于STM32的智能植物生长柜环境测控系统的设计方案,介绍了系统的工作原理及其硬件组成,同时给出了软件流程图。该系统属于多输入多输出的复杂闭环控制系统,能够实时监测柜体的温湿度、CO2浓度和光强参数;并可根据实测参数实现对温湿度、CO2浓度和光强参数的自动调节,使作物处于最佳的生长环境;可以通过液晶屏实时显示波形曲线的变化,更加直观地了解到作物所处的生长环境。     

镇稻系列品种的育种实践与思考

根据镇稻系列品种的选育经验和多年的育种实践,得出了以下几点育种经验:①通过合理利用优良亲本,进行科学配组创造变异;②材料抉择时综合性状协调是育种的关键;③掌握好苗期看长势、中后期看抗性、后期看熟相、考种看籽粒等方法进行选择.并对进一步改良粳稻品种提出了以下几点策略:①广泛征集、鉴定和利用优良种质资源,同时注重加强优异种...     

Strategy for the treatment of puerperal metritis and improvement of reproductive efficiency in cows with retained placenta

The objective of this study was to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows with puerperal metritis (PM) subsequent to retained placenta (RP) using a two-step treatment strategy. A total of 188 postpartum cows, aged from 2 to 8 years, were utilised for 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, cows affected with RP/PM were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Cows in Group A (n = 17) were treated with 600 mg of ceftiofur intramuscularly for 3 days followed by intrauterine lavage with 0.1% chlorhexidine and infusion with 0.5% povidoneiodine, while cows in Group B (n = 16) received two intrauterine infusions, first with 5 g of oxytetracycline and then with 0.5% povidone-iodine. Cows with normal postpartum findings were regarded as the healthy control group (n = 26). Ultrasonographic examination revealed that the ovarian activities including the appearance of a dominant follicle and days to first ovulation of the cows in Group A during the early postpartum period differed from those of Group B (P < 0.05), which coincided with the results of uterine swabbing for bacteriology. In Experiment 2, cows with normal postpartum findings were allocated to Group D (n = 78), which received an ovulation protocol (GnRH - 7 d PGF2α - 48 h hCG - 24 h AI) on day 50 ± 2 postpartum. Cows affected with PM were randomly divided into two groups, Group E (n = 25) combined the treatments applied in Groups A and D, while Group F (n = 26) repeated the treatment administered in Group E except for uterine lavage. The results indicated that the pregnancy rate within 150 days postpartum and the mean days open in Group E (76.0% and 106.3 ± 4.6 days, respectively) were significantly different from those in Group F (38.5% and 137.9 ± 10.9 days, respectively) (P < 0.05). This study suggests that reproductive efficiency could be improved by using the two-step treatment to regulate uterine involution and an early resumption of ovarian function in cows with RP/PM.     

基于AE-FFNN神经网络的橡胶树叶片磷含量定性研究

磷元素对橡胶树的生长发育至关重要,基于近红外光谱的橡胶树氮磷钾元素含量的快速无损检测已有很多研究,但磷元素含量的检测效果远不如氮钾.基于近红外高光谱技术结合非线性特征提取方法和建模算法实现橡胶树磷元素含量的快速无损检测.以橡胶树叶片的近红外高光谱数据为分析对象,运用神经网络非线性变换的特征提取思想,构建了一种融合自编码...     

甜樱桃光合作用研究进展

作者综述了甜樱桃光合作用的基本特性,以及甜樱桃品种间的差异、叶片内部叶绿素含量、不同节位、不同冠层、环境条件(光照、温度、水分和空气)等内、外因素对甜樱桃光合作用的影响,并对今后甜樱桃光合作用研究进行了展望,旨为甜樱桃科研与生产提供参考。     

噬菌体在水产养殖中应用的研究进展

近年来,我国水产养殖业发展迅猛,带来巨大收益的同时,抗生素和化学药物的长期滥用也产生了污染环境、耐药性差和威胁食品安全等诸多问题。亟待寻求一种既能有效控制海水养殖动物疾病、又环境友好的新技术、新产品,以部分或完全替代抗生素或化学药物。噬菌体是一种安全、高效、无毒无害、生态友好的疾病防治绿色产品,相继在陆生和水产动物疾病防治中应用。介绍了噬菌体生物学、噬菌体治疗及噬菌体在水产养殖业中的应用等最新研究进展,展望了噬菌体防治水产养殖病害的前景,以期为噬菌体治疗水产养殖疾病提供理论和技术支持。     

Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral,physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding

Aphids damage major world food and fiber crops through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Fortunately, the development of many aphid‐resistant crop plants has provided both ecological and economic benefits to food production. Plant characters governing aphid host selection often dictate eventual plant resistance or susceptibility to aphid herbivory, and these phenotypic characters have been successfully used to map aphid resistance genes. Aphid resistance is often inherited as a dominant trait, but is also polygenic and inherited as recessive or incompletely dominant traits. Most aphid‐resistant cultivars exhibit constitutively expressed defenses, but some cultivars exhibit dramatic aphid‐induced responses, resulting in the overexpression of large ensembles of putative aphid resistance genes. Two aphid resistance genes have been cloned. Mi‐1.2, an NBS‐LRR gene from wild tomato, confers resistance to potato aphid and three Meloidogyne root‐knot nematode species, and Vat, an NBS‐LRR gene from melon, controls resistance to the cotton/melon aphid and to some viruses. Virulence to aphid resistance genes of plants occurs in 17 aphid species – more than half of all arthropod biotypes demonstrating virulence. The continual appearance of aphid virulence underscores the need to identify new sources of resistance of diverse sequence and function in order to delay or prevent biotype development. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的鉴定及药敏试验

从四川某鸭场送检的病料中分离到1株疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemeralla anatipestifer,RA)。经细菌形态学、培养特性、生化试验、PCR扩增与动物回归试验鉴定后,证实为鸭疫里默氏杆菌。该菌尿素酶试验阳性,不能发酵多种糖类,不能液化明胶,不产生H2S,不还原硝酸盐,吲哚试验、MR试验、VP试验均为阴性;菌株对左氟沙星、氧哌嗪青霉素、庆大霉素等极为敏感,而对青霉素、头孢拉定、链霉素等耐药。     

奶牛围产期低血钙发生状况及其调节作用

为了解奶牛围产期低血钙发生状况及其调节作用,本试验选取围产期经产的健康奶牛20头,分别对其产前21d、14d、7d、产后7d、14d、21d及分娩当天血中钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)、降钙素(CT)浓度进行测定.按血钙水平将试验奶牛按上述时间点均分为对照组(血钙正常)和低血钙组.结果显示:奶牛在产前21d至产后21d低血钙发生率分别为:0%、45%、20%、80%、25%、15%、10%.对照组奶牛血浆Ca、BGP的浓度产前14d到产后21d显著高于低血钙组(P<0.05),ALP、HYP在产前7d到产后21d显著高于低血钙组(P<0.05).两组奶牛血浆P浓度在围产期无显著差异(P>0.05).对照组血浆CT浓度在产前7d和分娩当天显著低于低血钙组(P<0.05),其他时间点差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组血浆PTH浓度在产前7d到产后21d时显著低于低血钙组(P<0.05).结论:奶牛围产期易发生低血钙,以分娩时发生率最高.奶牛围产期易发低血钙与钙代谢调节激素未能发挥其动员骨钙的调节作用有关.