外语教学中思辨能力显性培养模式的理论构建

思辨能力一直是教育界与心理学界关注的热点,近年,越来越多的中国外语教学研究涉及到思辨能力的培养。本文对国内外相关研究现状进行述评,指出当前研究方向与思辨能力培养的重要性;不同于其他嵌入式内容依托型培养模式,笔者基于理论研究与前期策略培训的先导实验,构建了思辨能力显性培养模式框架,为进一步实证研究与外语教学提供启发与参考。     

Evaluation of Low‐protein Alternative Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus × Ictalurus furcatus

A study was conducted to evaluate low‐protein traditional or alternative diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, Ictalurus punctatus × Ictalurus furcatus. Three 24% protein diets containing decreasing levels of soybean meal (30, 20, and 15%) and increasing levels of cottonseed meal and corn germ meal were compared with a 28% protein control diet. Hybrid catfish fingerlings (mean initial weight = 71 g/fish) were stocked into 20 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha with five ponds per dietary treatment. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for a 191‐d growing season. There were no significant differences in total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, or fillet proximate nutrient composition among dietary treatments (P ≥ 0.10). However, regression analysis showed for fish fed 24% protein diets there was a linear increase in FCR as soybean meal levels decreased (P = 0.06). Compared with fish fed the 28% protein control diet, fish fed 24% protein diets had lower carcass and fillet yield. Results demonstrate a 24% protein alternative diet containing 20% soybean meal may be substituted for 28% protein diets for hybrid catfish during food fish production.     

沼气池热传递过程研究进展

温度是沼气工程高效运行的关键,沼气发酵不仅要维持适宜的温度,还须保证温度的稳定性。为此,对沼气池热传递过程的相关研究进行分析介绍,主要包括沼气池发酵液温度的影响因素、发酵系统热流损失、增温方式和热传递模型研究,并指出增温方式的选择应建立在正确的热过程分析基础上,建议进一步改进优化热传递模型,更好地指导沼气工程实施。     

北京水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类调查

为研究北京地区水系中腐霉和疫腐霉种类分布,采用叶饵法从北京水系中诱集菌株,共分离到腐霉、疫腐霉182株,利用Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)进行分析,筛选出不同基因型的代表菌株,并依据形态学特征及ITS序列对这些菌株进行种类鉴定。结果共发现6个已知种和3个可能的新种,其中:湖滨疫腐霉Phytopythium litorale和果胶裂解腐霉Pythium pectinolyticum为国内新记录种;旋柄疫腐霉Pp.helicoides、异丝腐霉P.diclinum、簇囊腐霉P.torulosum和袋囊腐霉P.marsipium为北京地区新记录种。研究结果可为未来监测北京地区水系中病原菌的分布情况提供基础数据。     

主成分分析及隶属函数法评价非洲菊不同品种对低温弱光的适应性

以贵阳地区栽培的13个非洲菊品种为供试材料,研究冬春季节低温弱光对非洲菊不同品种叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛和质膜透性等生理生化指标的影响,利用主成分分析法、模糊隶属函数法及聚类分析法对非洲菊不同品种进行耐低温弱光适应性综合评价。结果表明,丙二醛含量、总超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量等5个指标可作为非洲菊耐低温弱光性的评价鉴定指标。13个非洲菊品种的耐低温弱光性依次为:秋日、娇艳>阳光海岸、大088、白马王子>缤纷>鸿运、红色妖姬>红极星、贵族>玲珑、靓粉、蜜糖。     

农业科技期刊栏目学术影响力的评价—以《热带作物学报》为例

根据中国知网中检索《热带作物学报》2010~2014年发表论文的关键词词频、被引频次、下载频次、论文作者等数据统计栏目篇被引频次、下载频次和影响因子情况，分析农业科技期刊栏目的学术影响力。结果表明：2010~2014年《热带作物学报》文章涉及的主要热带作物为橡胶树、木薯、甘蔗、香蕉、水稻、荔枝、龙眼、芒果和番木瓜等；论文内容涵盖作物营养、栽培与遗传育种，植物生理生化，生物技术与组织培养，作物病虫害及其防治、环境保护，农产品加工与分析检测、综述等6个栏目，其中综述栏目的影响因子最高，发表论文较多的作者文章均属于生物技术栏目。综合上述分析结果，提出了策划精品栏目、加强编辑栏目组稿、针对综述栏目约稿、开辟学术探讨窗口、借助新媒体打造栏目特色等建议，以体现本刊的专业特色和刊物宗旨，将成为读者阅读的向导和作者撰稿的指南。     

Genome‐Wide Identification of MicroRNAs Responsive to High Temperature in Rice (Oryza sativa) by High‐Throughput Deep Sequencing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in plant growth and stress response. Heat stress is a severe abiotic stresses by adversely affecting plant growth and yield. To identify heat‐responsive miRNAs at the genome‐wide level in rice (Oryza sativa), we constructed two small RNA libraries from young panicles treated or not with heat conditions. Ion torrent sequencing of the two libraries identified 294 known miRNAs and 539 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis showed that 26 miRNAs were downregulated and 21 miRNAs were upregulated in response to heat stress. Among them, five heat‐responsive miRNAs, including miR162b, miR529a‐p5, PC‐5P‐62245‐9, miR171b and miR169n, were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 44 target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted. These target genes are most significantly overrepresented in the cell growth process. The results demonstrated that rice miRNAs play critical roles in the heat stress response. This study opens up a new avenue for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs involvement in the heat stress response in rice.     

PEG引发三倍体无籽西瓜种子萌芽研究初报

为了探索一条能大批量处理无籽西瓜种子,有效提高种子活力的途径,应用水势0、-0.2、-0.6和-1.2MPa的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液对三倍体无籽西瓜种子进行3、6、9、12h引发处理,并与常规萌发条件下的种子萌芽情况进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)各种水势的PEG-6000溶液引发对无籽西瓜种子发芽各项指标均没有显著影响。(2)3h引发处理相对于其他引发时间处理,能最大程度地提高无籽西瓜种子发芽能力,在发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数的影响上均存在明显差异,这与常规生产上无籽西瓜浸种时间结果一致。     

PF455S插秧机及其侧离合器手柄的探讨和改善

PF455S插秧机的行走底盘与国产独轮驱动插秧机相比,水田机动性能和通过性较好,但也存在手柄安装夹紧不当等问题。介绍PF455S动力插秧机的系统组成、设计原理与主要参数,对发现的侧离器手柄问题进行改进,达到了设计目的。     

一种染料副产品作水溶肥原料的应用研究

通过盆栽试验探究染料副产品作为肥料对油菜生长的影响,结果表明:在等氮量情况下,施用染料副产品与硫酸铵在油菜的生物量、叶面积、株高、根长和叶绿素含量等方面没有显著差异,都高于空白对照处理。基施条件下,施用硫铵和染料副产品较空白对照产量分别增加3.25倍和2.73倍;喷施条件下,施用硫铵和染料副产品较空白对照产量分别增加97.1%和76.5%;施用染料副产品还可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤中其它养分含量。