镧稀土对青钱柳试管苗生长及生理的调节作用

探讨了不同质量浓度的稀土镧(1、2、5、10mg/L)对靑钱柳试管苗生长及生理的影响。结果表明:培养基中添加适量的镧稀土能有效提高试管苗单株鲜质量增量、苗高、分化芽数目、单株叶片数、叶绿素、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量及SOD、POD活性等,降低叶绿素a/b值,以5mg/L处理效果最佳。与不加镧的对照相比,相应的各指标分别提高47.33%、13.51%、40.65%、42.07%、36.0%、37.96%、108.12%、65.32%、54.88%和降低24.27%,均达到显著或极显著水平。说明适当质量浓度的镧处理不仅能显著促进试管苗的生长和分化,还能有效改善其生理特性,增强试管苗的抗逆能力,起到壮苗的作用     

Effects of mulching materials on nitrogen mineralization,nitrogen availability and poplar growth on degraded agricultural soil

Nitrogen (N) is usually the most limiting nutrient in degraded agricultural soils and affects the growth and ecological function of poplar (Populus spp.) plantations. We hypothesized that application of organic mulch would improve soil nitrogen availability and increase tree growth, while the quality of mulching materials would alter the supply of essential nutrients. In this study, poplar plantations were established in 2004 and two experiments were established in the field. The fresh above-ground biomass of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.), oak (Quercus fabri Hance), Chinese coriaria (Coriaria nepalensis Wallich) and brackenfern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller) in the current year was selected as mulching materials, and mulches were annually applied at the rate of 5.0 kg/m² in the N mineralization experiment and 20,000 kg/ha in growth and nutrient availability experiment. Additions of fresh biomass significantly improved annual net N-mineralization estimates and the mulching treatments increased the cumulative N mineralized over the incubation period by 22–30%. However, a significant difference in the cumulative N mineralized was not observed among the mulched treatments, even if the cumulative N mineralized in the treatment mulched with oak (QF) was 5.9, 3.3 and 2.2% greater than that of treatments with brackenfern (PA), Chinese coriaria (CN) and cogongrass (IC), respectively. Application of fresh biomass mulch markedly affected soil available N contents and growth performance of poplar plantations. The mulching treatments with QF, IC, PA and CN increased annual means of available N concentration by 39.0, 29.0, 29.6 and 39.7% respectively. At the end of the fifth growing season, the average height of poplar plantations in treatments mulched with QF, IC, PA and CN was 46.8, 14.9, 42.6 and 57.4% greater than that in Check (CK-no mulch), while mean DBH increased by 35.4, 12.5, 33.3 and 52.1%, respectively. Overall, the productivity was enhanced in mulched plots at the end of the third growing season. Compared with CK, the treatments mulched with QF, IC, PA and CN increased total biomass by 97.4, 96.4, 63.1 and 81.6%, respectively. Based on the results of this study, annual application of 20,000 kg/ha fresh woody biomass would be recommended for soil improvement in young poplar plantations growing on a degraded agricultural soil.     

浙西南不同经营强度下毛竹林土壤渗透性研究

采用双环刀法研究了浙西南山区不同经营强度下毛竹林土壤的渗透性及其与土壤理化性质、土壤动物多样性的关系。结果表明:1)4种经营强度的林地土壤渗透性排列依次为粗放经营毛竹林笋竹两用林笋用林笋用—覆盖林,且各经营强度的土壤渗透性均随土层深度的增加而降低。2)Kostiakov模型更适合模拟该研究区域的土壤水分入渗过程,Philip模型拟合结果次之,Horton模型最差。3)土壤渗透性和土壤密度呈极显著负相关,而与总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤有机质、全N等呈极显著正相关。4)土壤初渗率、稳渗率与土壤动物(除双尾目)存在正相关,而粗放经营毛竹林和笋竹两用林的土壤动物丰富度及类群多样性较高,笋用林和笋用覆盖林相对较低。试验说明经营强度的不同会对土壤渗透性产生影响,人为干扰较弱的粗放经营林和笋竹两用林土壤渗透性较好,而笋用林和笋用覆盖林土壤渗透性相对较差,这为山地毛竹林地表径流调节及水土流失防治提供理论参考。     

Impact of spacing and rotation length on nutrient budgets of poplar plantations for pulpwood

IntroductionPoplarshavemanycharacteristicsSuitableforplantationcultureascomparedtootherforestspecies,suchasfastgroWth,adaptabifitytodifferentenvironmentalconditionsandtodifferentsilviculturalsystems,whichenabletheproductionoflargequantitiesofwoodinshortperiodsoftime.Poplarscanbeusedfordifferentformsofprocessingintimberindustry,aswellasinpulpandpaperindustryandasasourceofenergy(Gambles&Zsuffa1984,Moran&Nautryal1985,Fangetal1993).Sincesomepoplarcloneswereintroducedinthe1970"s,poplarshavebeent…     

3种抗氧化剂对青钱柳愈伤组织褐化的影响

褐变是导致青钱柳组织培养失败的主要原因之一。研究维生素C(VC)、植酸(PA)和柠檬酸(CA)3种抗氧化剂对青钱柳愈伤组织生长、褐化及其生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,适当浓度的抗氧化剂处理能有效抑制愈伤组织褐化率,促进愈伤组织生长,抑制培养过程中细胞质膜透性的增加。其中VC的处理效果较为明显,PA其次;最适浓度分别为VC 100 mg·L-1、PA 250 mg·L-1和CA 50~100 mg·L-1。VC 100 mg·L-1处理的愈伤组织鲜重增长率比对照增加73.88%,褐化率和细胞膜透性分别比对照低56.52%和45.75%,均达到显著或极显著水平。适当浓度的抗氧化剂使苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性在一定程度上受到抑制,但对多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的抑制作用总体上不明显。总之,适当浓度的3种抗氧化剂处理能有效降低青钱柳愈伤组织褐化及其产生的伤害,促进生长,对PPO活性的调控可能不是其控制褐化的主要方式,有关机制尚待进一步探讨。     

Integrated effects of light intensity and fertilization on growth and flavonoid accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus

Cyclocarya paliurus has been used for drug formulations and ingredients in functional foods in China. Field studies were conducted to examine the relationships between environmental factors and flavonoid accumulation. A split-plot randomized design was used to establish three shading treatments and three fertilization levels, and growth parameters and flavonoid contents were detected. The greatest biomass production was achieved in intermediate shade and fertilization treatment, and leaf production per seedling increased by 139.5% compared to the treatment without shade and fertilization. Overall, shade and fertilization had a significantly negative effect on contents of total flavonoid, kaempferol, quercetin, and isoquercitrin in leaves of C. paliurus. However, the greatest accumulation of total flavonoid in the leaves was observed in intermediate shade and fertilization treatment, achieving 364.4 g/plant. The results suggest that manipulating the field growing conditions and optimizing the silvicultural system would be important for obtaining the greatest yield of targeted health-promoting substances.     

关于加速发展我国生物质能源的思考

生物质能源是仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气而居于世界能源消费总量第四位的能源,在整个能源系统中占有重要地位.生物质能作为唯一的可再生能源,具有产量大、可储存、二氧化碳零排放等优点,为解决我国能源紧张和环境治理提供了一条新途径.因此,国家应尽早制定相关政策,建立生物质能源循环系统研究平台,加速能源植物培育,拓宽其转化技术示范点,推动生物质能源产业的发展.     

光质对不同家系青钱柳生物量和叶三萜类化合物积累的影响

  目的  光质作为影响光合作用的因素,对植物体内次生代谢物质的积累有一定影响。青钱柳Cyclocarya paliurus是中国特有的药用及食用多功能植物,其叶中的活性物质(如三萜)对人体健康具有促进和改善作用。通过开展光质处理对不同家系青钱柳生物量及叶三萜类物质积累影响的研究,可为青钱柳苗期培育过程中的环境选择及保健产品的进一步开发提供参考。  方法  以1年生青钱柳实生苗为材料,选择4个家系(四川沐川31号、浙江安吉1号、广西金钟山6号、广西金钟山7号)和设置4个不同光质(白光、蓝光、绿光和红光),测定不同处理对青钱柳苗期生物量、叶三萜类化合物质量分数及单株产量的影响。  结果  光质和遗传因子对青钱柳生物量、叶三萜质量分数和单株产量均有显著影响(P＜0.05)。相比白光处理,其他光质处理显著( P＜0.05)降低了青钱柳的总生物量积累,但安吉1号家系的蓝光与白光处理差异不显著( P＞0.05)。青钱柳叶总三萜质量分数在安吉1号和沐川31号家系的白光处理下最多,蓝光次之;红光处理显著( P＜0.05)增加了青钱柳叶特有三萜单体的质量分数。白光处理下叶生物量积累高的青钱柳植株积累了更多的三萜类化合物,蓝光和绿光处理下较低。  结论  适当的光质处理可作为提高药用植物目标化合物(如三萜类物质)含量的一种控制措施。图1表8参27     

Decomposition and nutrient release of four potential mulching materials for poplar plantations on upland sites

The application of organic residues and the release dynamics of nutrients during decomposition may be crucial to improving poplar growth in upland areas. Field experiments were conducted in Guizhou Province, southwestern China, to determine differences in biomass decomposition of four potential mulching materials in one-year-old poplar plantations. Results showed the initial total content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the mulches ranged from 30.0 to 35.0 g/kg and was significantly greater in Quercus fabri, Imperata cylindrica var. major and Pteridium aquilinum var. latiuscukum than in Coriaria nepalensis. The weight loss pattern of these four species during decomposition could be best described by a double exponential decay model, and monthly decay rate coefficients (k) were in the order Q. fabri > C. nepalensis > I. cylindrica > P. aquilinum over a one-year period. Total nutrient (N, P and K) release of the four mulching materials ranged from 74.2 to 90.8% of the initial content after one year of decomposition, while nutrients were released in the order K > P>N. Nutrient release was fastest in C. nepalensis followed by Q. fabri, I. cylindrica, and slowest in P. aquilinum. Thus, taking into account initial nutrient content, nutrient additions and decay rates, the sprouts of woody species (Q. fabri and C. nepalensis) with massive foliage proved to be more important as nitrogen sources than the grass or fern.     

青钱柳茎段腋芽萌发和丛生芽增殖

为建立高效的青钱柳组培快繁体系,以青钱柳茎段腋芽作为外植体,WPM为基本培养基,研究不同植物生长调节剂种类及其浓度组合对腋芽萌发和丛生芽增殖的影响.结果表明:9个处理的激素组合对青钱柳腋芽萌发均有不同程度的促进作用.其中,6-BA 3 mg·L-1+2ip 1 mg·L-1 +NAA 0.1 mg·L-1处理效果最佳,萌芽率最高(83.33%),芽生长状态最好,但各处理诱导的均以单芽为主.将单芽置于添加TDZ的培养基中则诱导的均为丛芽,最佳组合为TDZ 0.1 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1,萌芽率、增殖系数均达最高,分别为100%和7.33.培养基中添加2.0 mg·L-1 GA,能有效地促进丛生芽的伸长生长,芽苗生长健壮,为后续生根奠定良好基础.