Maternal age influence on diapause induction in sexual and asexual Trichogramma brassicae

In this study, the effect of maternal age on prepupae diapause of progeny in sexual (Wolbachia free) and asexual (Wolbachia infected) Trichogramma brassicae was studied at two temperatures. Maternal generation (G₁) of both populations was reared at 10L:14D photoperiod, 14 and 20 °C, separately. Mated females from G₁ were supplied with eggs of Ephestia kuehniella, each 48 h from one day after emergence to death. The tendency to diapause in progeny (G₂) was determined by rearing at 10 °C. According to the results, reproductive modes, maternal temperature and age have significant effect on the mean number of eggs laid by G₁ and the diapause percentage of G₂. Offspring whose maternal generation was reared at 20 °C had higher diapause percentage than those reared at 14 °C. Diapause percentage in sexual population was higher than the asexual, which demonstrates a negative effect of Wolbachia on this process. Wolbachia infection modifies the effect of maternal age on the diapause percentage in the offspring at 20 °C but not at 14 °C. The result can be due to lower Wolbachia density at 14 °C and greater Wolbachia density at 20 °C.     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> species associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province,China

Soybean root rot is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease threatening soybean production, causing large loss in yield and quality of soybean. Fusarium species are well recognized as the important causal agent of Fusarium root rot, which are often distinct with respect to various factors in different soybean-producing regions around the world. Recently, Fusarium root rot has been frequently reported in Sichuan Province of China, where is unique in its climate and diverse cropping patterns, but it is still unclear about the predominant Fusarium species and their pathogenicity on soybean. In this study, diseased soybean roots were collected from three regions of Sichuan Province during 2014–2015. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, 78 isolates of Fusarium were identified as nine distinct species. Pathogenicity tests showed that seven species of Fusarium were able to infect soybean, but differed in pathogenicity. F. oxysporum, F. equiseti and F. graminearum were the most aggressive species to soybean, whereas F. fujikuroi and F. verticillioides were not pathogenic to soybean. There was a strong positive correlation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium species with seedling emergence and fresh root weight. In addition, the diversity of Fusarium species varied among soybean-growing regions. To our knowledge, this report on population and pathogenicity of Fusarium species, in particular, F. graminearum, associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province of southwest China, will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.     

做大做强特色产业加快富民强县步伐——盱眙县龙虾产业带动县域经济发展的实践与借鉴

盱眙县发掘资源优势，把龙虾作为特色产业，举办中国龙虾节，带动了一系列相关产业的发展，改变了当地的农业产业结构和就业结构，增加了就业和收入，增强了地方经济实力；并通过特色产业的品牌效应，带动了旅游等服务业的发展，吸引了外来投资，加速了工业化进程。通过总结盱眙县的经济发展实践，为落后地区的区域经济发展提供了参考和借鉴。     

国外蔬菜遗传资源的引进,研究与利用进展

１９７１～１９９６年从４０余个国家（地区）引进１４个科４８属７２种（包括变种）共１１４１０份蔬菜遗传资源,其中２０余种为国内稀有蔬菜,还有我国科研和生产急需的抗源材料、雄性不育系、耐热和耐低温等珍贵材料。根据我国不同地区的生态气候类型,与地方科研、生产单位结合对引进的５３４５份材料共同试种鉴定,筛选出４０余个优良品种在生产上直接推广利用,获得了巨大的经济效益。选出的品种中有７个通过了省（市）品种审（认）定,共推广面积２６１ｋｈｍ２。大批引进的蔬菜优异资源被全国育种单位广泛用于培育新品种,获得了重大的社会效益和经济效益。     

我国畜间布鲁氏菌病流行特点及因为分析

畜间布鲁氏菌病近年来在我国呈高发态势,已严重威胁畜牧生产和人类健康。本文通过搜集整理大量数据,结合疫情报告资料和定点监测调查资料,对我国近20年畜间布病流行情况及特点进行总结,系统分析造成我国畜间布病疫情上升的原因,为制定科学防控对策奠定基础。     

Regional and circadian variations of sweating rate and body surface temperature in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

It was the aim of this study to investigate the regional variations in surface temperature and sweating rate and to visualize body thermal windows responsible for the dissipation of excess body heat in dromedary camels. This study was conducted on five dromedary camels with mean body weight of 450 ± 20.5 kg and 2 years of age. Sweating rate, skin and body surface temperature showed significant (P < 0.001) circadian variation together with the variation in ambient temperature. However, daily mean values of sweating rate, skin and body surface temperature measured on seven regions of the camel body did not significantly differ. The variation in body surface temperature compared to the variation in skin temperature was higher in the hump compared to the axillary and flank regions, indicating the significance of camel's fur in protecting the skin from daily variation in ambient temperature. Infrared thermography revealed that flank and axillary regions had lower thermal gradients at higher ambient temperature (T_a) and higher thermal gradients at lower T_a, which might indicate the working of flank and axillary regions as thermal windows dissipating heat during the night. Sweating rate showed moderate correlation to skin and body surface temperatures, which might indicate their working as potential thermal drivers of sweating in camels.     

耐草甘膦菜豆耐性机理的初步研究

采用液谱测定耐性、感性菜豆叶片对草甘膦的吸收及草甘膦传导入根中的量。耐性、感性菜豆吸收、传导草甘膦无差异。耐性、感性菜豆 EPSP合成酶提取物中的蛋白质含量分别为 3.0 0 mg/ m L和 3.0 8mg/ m L ,EPSP合成酶的比活性分别为 2 .13nmol· min-1· mg-1蛋白和 1.97nmol· min-1· mg-1蛋白 ,但耐性、感性菜豆 EPSP合成酶比活性被草甘膦不同浓度抑制的差异大 ,抑制耐性菜豆 EPSP合成酶活性的草甘膦浓度 I50 为 19.2μmol/ L ,而感性的 I50 为 6 .3μmol/ L。两种菜豆对草甘膦的耐性差异在于各自的 EPSP合成酶比活性被草甘膦的抑制程度不同。     

Canine schistosomiasis in Kansas: five cases (2000-2009)

This is a retrospective case series consisting of five dogs diagnosed with schistosomiasis. The purpose of this article is to report the presence of naturally occurring canine schistosomiasis in Kansas and to provide clinical details regarding schistosomiasis. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with schistosomiasis from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed, and information extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, treatment, and outcome. Affected dogs were primarily medium to large breed and young to middle aged. All dogs were considered outdoor dogs, with three having known access to surface water. Common clinical signs included gastrointestinal disease and signs associated with hypercalcemia. Fecal flotation was negative in all dogs in contrast to fecal saline sedimentation and fecal polymerase chain reaction, which were both positive in all dogs in which it was performed. All dogs treated specifically for schistosomiasis fully recovered. This article describes the first reported cases of canine schistosomiasis in the Midwest and the first reported case of intestinal intussusception secondary to schistosomiasis. Recognizing that canine schistosomiasis is present in Kansas and possibly other Midwestern states should prompt veterinarians to perform appropriate diagnostic investigation in suspect animals as the diagnosis is straight forward and relatively inexpensive.