天水地区小麦品种抗条锈性变异动态监测研究

通过系统调查和试验查明,天水地区种植的重要品种77-69和成良5号、6号已丧失抗条锈性,引致这些品种丧失抗锈性的原因主要是条中29号小种及其相近致病类型的出现和发展,山区低温为引致变异的重要诱因。提出成良5号、6号应停止种植,77-69高产可在川区控制使用,并提出了抗性比较稳定的品种。     

小麦残秆和土壤中雪霉叶枯病越夏菌源研究

１９９２～１９９３年利用系统分离和接种的实验方法研究了小麦雪霉叶枯病菌在病残体和土壤中的越夏情况。病田土壤表面和２０ｃｍ耕层内的小麦残秆在弃置５～７个月后都可分离出病菌，用残秆接种能引起小麦幼苗发病，用ＵＧＡ选择性培养基平板涂布法，由麦收后５个月的病田０～２０ｃｍ耕层土壤中直接分离出病原茵，其密度为每克土壤１２００～３２０６个菌落形成单位。用病田土壤接种亦能引起小麦幼苗发病。以上试验结果表明，小麦雪霉叶枯病菌接种体可在小麦病残秆和病田土壤中越夏并保持其致病性。     

利用组织培养技术向普通小麦导入簇毛麦抗白粉病基因的研究

 对硬粒小麦（T.durum）-簇毛麦（H.villosa）杂种幼胚和F#-1幼穗诱导的愈伤组织进行秋水仙素处理获得硬-簇双二倍体TH1，TH1W，TH2W，TH3，TH3W。平均加倍率为78.8%,最高为94.1%。通过与普通小麦（T.aestivum）回交，幼胚和花药培养，得到了6D/6V异代换系94G22-1，94G25-1，94G32-1，94G33-1。谷草转氨酶（GOT）和酯酶（EST）同工酶可作为这些材料的生化标记。RAPD分析中，引物OPAN3可作为其分子标记引物。     

双马来海松酸酯多元醇的合成研究

利用马来海松酸中酸酐和羧基反应活性的差异，合成了两种类型的双马来海松酸酯多元醇．测试了酯化产物的分子量、聚合度、粘度、羟值和官能度等理化参数；并对各产物的耐热性和红外光谱进行了讨论．研究结果表明，所有酯化产物均可作为耐热的多元醇原料使用．     

住宅楼卫生间暖卫管道根部渗漏原因分析及其防治

本文分析了住宅楼卫生间暖卫管渗漏的原因:管道孔洞未预留或预留的位置不当:管洞堵塞质量低劣:不重视堵塞管洞的支模材料。对此渗漏应采取的防治办法:正确预留管道孔洞:重视堵洞材料和堵洞质量:扣强对防水层和地漏排水的施工管理:在管道四周做馒头状档水台。     

大娄山区巴山榧树遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对大娄山地区3个居群29个巴山榧树个体进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明:12个10bp寡核苷酸引物共检测到81个位点,其中多态性位点61个.在物种水平上,大娄山区巴山榧树的多态性位点百分率为75.31%,Nei's基因多样性指数为0.2437,Shannon's信息指数为0.3703;而在居群水平上,遗传...     

Complete Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Rehmannia Mosaic Virus Isolate from Shanxi Province

Using double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) technology and sequence-independent amplification(SIA), the molecular identification on infected Rehmannia glutinosa in the field with mosaic symptoms was performed and the whole-genome of the Rehmannia mosaic virus(ReMV) Shanxi isolate(ReMV-SX) was sequenced. Sequencing analysis showed that the virus that infected Rehmannia glutinosa was Rehmannia mosaic virus(ReMV). The full-length of the obtained ReMV-SX sequence(GenBank accession no. JX575184) was 6 395 nt, containing four open reading frames(ORFs). The sequence homology analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence showed that ReMV-SX was 93.8%-97.0% homologous to ReMV in Tobamovirus subgroup I, while only 49.8%-58.9% homologous to the isolates in subgroups II and III of the same genus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ReMV-SX and ReMV-Henan formed a separate branch and had the closest genetic relationship. The results laid the foundation for ongoing researches in the taxonomic status and evolution of ReMV and for further investigating the pathogenic mechanism of ReMV infecting Rehmannia glutinosa.     

Epidemiology and control of brucellosis in China

The paper describes the history and evolvement of brucellosis in China. It presents the variation of epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, application of vaccines and control in brief. Before 1980s, human and animal brucellosis was quite severe; during 1980s, the incidence of human and animal brucellosis was relatively low, and seemed to decrease during the decade. During 1990s, there were no obvious changes in the incidence of animal brucellosis, but the incidence of human brucellosis increased, especially from 1995 to 2001. There are not only some common characteristics but also some differences in brucellosis epidemiology relative to that reported in the rest of the world. For the entire country, B. melitensis was the predominant strain associated with outbreaks, and the epidemic peak is from February to June. Several Brucella vaccines have been used in China for prevention and control of brucellosis. such as B. abortus 104 M in humans, B. suis S2 in animals. The introduction of comprehensive measures has allowed great progress in the prevention and control of brucellosis in China. Surveillance points were set-up countrywide to estimate the epidemic situation. In addition, we discussed the new characteristics of brucellosis in China, the influence of the El Nino phenomenon on brucellosis epidemic situation, the phenomenon of antigenic interference between Brucella species and some disadvantages of live Brucella vaccines.     

国内外胡萝卜种植现状及播种机研究进展

胡萝卜是一种营养丰富、质脆味美的蔬菜,在全球分布比较广。根据联合国粮农组织及《中国农业年鉴》的数据,分析了世界及国内胡萝卜种植面积、总产量及平均单产水平等情况。比较了国内外胡萝卜播种机的研究进展,为我国研制性能先进、适用性好的胡萝卜播种机械提供了借鉴。      

铲筛组合式花生分段收获机的设计与试验

针对我国现有花生分段收获机械化程度低、动力消耗大及工作稳定性差等问题,研究设计了一种铲筛组合式花生分段收获机。该机将花生的挖掘工序和分离工序合二为一,可一次完成挖掘、去土、送秧等工序,采用曲柄摇杆机构驱动分离筛振动,实现了两侧机构等角度、同方向摆动,减小机身侧向力。田间试验测试表明:收获机挖掘深度平均为143mm,落果率平均为0.21%,破损率平均为0.33%,果秧含土率平均为0.31%,耗油量平均为712g/kW·h。