非热处理对蜂花粉杀菌效果及品质的影响

为探究更有利于保留蜂花粉原有营养和风味的杀菌方法,本研究分别用辐照、超高压和高压静电场3种非热杀菌技术处理蜂花粉,并测定营养及风味的指标。结果表明,7 kGy辐照、500 MPa超高压、30 kV高场强处理对蜂花粉中的微生物均有抑制作用,且辐照对细菌的抑制效果较好,超高压和高压静电场对真菌的抑制效果较好。经500 MPa超高压处理后,蜂花粉脂类含量增加了23.3%,酚酸等活性成分含量增加,且其抗氧化活性降低程度最小,颜色和风味最接近未处理蜂花粉;30 kV高场强处理后,蜂花粉抗氧化活性显著下降、颜色偏深偏暗;7 kGy辐照处理后产生了明显的辐照味。综上,蜂花粉经超高压灭菌能达到较好的杀菌效果,而且能最大限度保持蜂花粉原有品质。本研究为非热杀菌技术在蜂花粉加工产业中的应用提供了理论依据。     

龙须菜细胞壁多糖对硼的吸附性能研究

为研究龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)细胞壁多糖对硼的吸附作用机制及官能团之间的交互作用,本试验分别采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-OES)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术对其细胞壁多糖组分在吸附试验中进行硼的测定和表征。结果表明,细胞壁去琼胶后,硼吸附量减少50.13%,半纤维素去除后,硼吸附量减少21.20%,故可得纤维素吸附量占细胞壁总硼吸附量的28.67%。同时,通过细胞壁不同组分脱硼及硼胁迫后的红外光谱表征结果可知,龙须菜细胞壁及多糖在吸附硼的过程中,羟基、羧基、多糖碳链C-C为硼离子的主要结合位点,其中,琼胶、半纤维素中起主要作用的官能团为羟基、羧基,纤维素中起主要作用的官能团为多糖碳链C-C。本研究结果为进一步探究龙须菜多糖组分与硼的内在结合机制提供了基础依据。     

饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽对海鲈生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏与血清免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽对海鲈生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏与血清免疫指标的影响。以初始均重为(9.05±0.05)g的海鲈幼鱼为试验动物,暂养1周后,挑选规格一致的健康试验鱼480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复(水族箱),每个重复放养30尾鱼。4组试验鱼分别投喂肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽添加水平为0(对照)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%的试验饲料135 d。结果显示:1)0.50%组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),各添加组的饲料系数(FCR)均显著低于对照组(P0.05),且以0.50%组的FCR最低;2)各添加组的背肌粗脂肪含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),0.50%组的背肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),全鱼的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和背肌的水分、粗灰分含量在各组之间没有显著差异(P0.05);3)0.25%组的血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),血清甘油三酯(TG)含量各组间不存在显著差异(P0.05);4)0.50%和0.75%组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.25%和0.50%组的肝脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),肝脏与血清的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性各组间不存在显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,在饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽能够促进海鲈的生长并提高免疫能力,本试验条件下最适添加水平为0.50%。     

山西省农业现代化进程评价

基于对山西农村和农业整体发展情况的详细分析,构建了山西省农业现代化进程评价指标体系,该指标体系包括5项主体指标和18项个体指标。运用该指标体系及农业现代化评价模型对山西农业现代化发展水平进行测算与分析,测算结果显示,2011年山西省农业现代化发展水平的综合评价值为53.09,比照农业现代化进程阶段的有关划分标准可以判断,目前山西省农业现代化发展总体水平接近初步实现阶段。     

进口西洋参种子带菌情况分析

 本文报道对1985、1986两年自北美进口之西洋参种子带菌检验的初步结果。     

Hybridization and in vitro culture of an orchid hybrid Ascocenda ‘Kangla’

The present study focuses on hybridization program involving two species belonging to two different vandaceous genera, viz., Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. auranticum, a narrow endemic orchid of Manipur and Vanda coerulea Griff., an endangered orchid of Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), to synthesize the primary hybrid genus with intermediate and improved characters in the F₁ generation. Observations on the crossability in the present bigeneric cross between V. coerulea and A. auranticum had been achieved with 60% success when V. coerulea was taken as female parent. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium at half-strength was effective for the development of the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum followed by Vacin and Went (VW) and Knudson C (KC) media. The best response of seedling growth was observed on MS medium at half-strength supplemented with 2.3 μM kinetin + 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid with maximum shoot height (2.7 cm), leaf number (4.6) and root number (4.1) after 150 days of inoculation. The survival percentage and growth performance of the seedlings were found to be higher (80% survival) in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal in the ratio 2:1 mulched with moss (Sphagnum sp.) than in potting substrate consisting of brick:charcoal:tree fern in the ratio 2:1:1. The first flowering was observed in the hybrid seedlings of V. coerulea × A. auranticum after 2 years of transfer to the ex vitro environment. Morphologically, the flowers differed from that of the parents clearly showing the success of the hybridization experiment. Registration of the hybrid has been made with the Royal Horticultural Society with the nomenclature Ascocenda ‘Kangla’ (No. T128725).     

新农村建设中的偏差及对策思考

新农村建设是一个系统工程,需要全面地理解和把握,由于理解上的不到位和畸形政绩观的影响,新农村建设中出现了一些偏差,认识和分析这些偏差并找到对策,新农村建设才会沿着正确的道路前进。     

小麦中微量元素测定方法的研究

本实验对小麦中多种微量元素测定所采用的样品处理方法，溶液酸度，以及共存元素的影响进行了研究，为选择最佳分析条件提供了依据。     

Prokaryotic Expression of Brucella BAB Gene and Establishment of iELISA

In this study,the genome of Brucella Rev.1 strain was used as a template to amplify the BAB gene sequence,clone it into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a(+),obtain the recombinant plasmid pET-30a-BAB,and perform prokaryotic expression on the recombinant plasmid.The indirect ELISA method was constructed by using the expression products detected by Western blotting.The results showed that the BAB gene was successfully cloned and expressed in this experiment,and the purified expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.This study obtained a relatively pure recombinant BAB protein;Western blotting test showed that the expressed protein could react specifically with Brucella sheep positive serum and had good reactogenicity;Using the recombinant BAB protein as the coating antigen,an indirect ELISA method for detecting BAB antibodies was established and optimized.The best determined coating conditions were as follows BAB protein coating amount was 0.25 μg/mL,serum dilution was 1:400;blocking solution was 3% pig-derived gelatin;secondary antibody dilution was 1:6 000;color development time was 10 min.The established method was used to detect 40 clinical sheep serums,and the cut-off value was calculated to be 0.607.That was,when the serum tested had P/N ≥ 1.5 and D_{450 nm} ≥ 0.607,it was judged as positive,when D_{450 nm} ≤ 0.561,it was judged as negative,and when 0.607<D_{450 nm}<0.561,it was judged as a suspect value,and retest was required.Compared with the Huhong plate test and the test tube agglutination test,the positive coincidence rate was 100%,the negative coincidence rate was 71.88%,and the total coincidence rate was 77.5%.