谈山岭重丘区公路路线方案的比选

山岭重丘区公路路线方案比选，其工作深入细致与否，在很大程度上体现了勘测设计人员路线设计水平和工程项目经济合理性，因此，路线方案比选在公路勘测设计中十分重要，对每一个有比较价值的路线方案，都需进行论证，精心比较，从中选取最佳的路线走向方案，从而保证公路勘测设计质量，缩短营运里程，节省工程造价。     

Repellent and attractive effects of herbs on insects in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants

There is increasing interest in the use of vegetation such as aromatic plants as intercrops to biologically control insect pests in agroecosystems and orchard ecosystems. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the repellent effects of aromatic plants on orchard pests (e.g., scarabaeid pests) can lead to improved application of intercropping cultivation practices in orchards. We tested eight intercropping treatments, each containing a different species of aromatic plant, in a pear orchard, along with a natural grass treatment and a clean tillage (control) treatment. The results showed that intercropping reduced the annual cumulative number and abundance of scarab beetles relative to the control. The annual dynamics of scarab populations were also significantly altered where intercrops were used. However, with the exception of Ichneunmonidae, the natural parasites of scarabs showed no preference for the aromatic plants. A correlation analysis indicated that the reduction in some of the scarab beetle species was related to the abundance of certain specific natural enemy species. In addition, the diversity, evenness and degree of dominance of natural enemy species may have contributed to the decrease in scarab populations. This study shows that intercropped aromatic plants can be applied to control the scarab beetles in orchard ecosystems, but that effects vary across aromatic plant species.     

北方酸枣种子质量实验室检测方法研究

对北方酸枣采用不同的种子预处理方法进行实验室质量检测。结果表明:经层积处理后砸破外壳(内果皮)取出种仁的酸枣种子,发芽速度快、出苗整齐、发芽时间短,此处理方法是酸枣种子理想的实验室质量检测预处理方法。     

A new dineolignan from Saururus chinensis root

A new tetrahydrofuradineolignan, called 4-O-demethylmanassantin A (1) was isolated from underground parts of Saururus chinensis together with three known dineolignans, 4-O-demethylmanassantin B (2), manassantin A (3) and manassantin B (4).     

Dynamics of leaf area index and canopy openness of three forest types in a warm temperate zone

Deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBF), Larix principis-rupprechtii (LF) and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations (PF) are three typical forest communities in the warm temperate zone of the Dongling Mountains. In this study, we used an indirect method, hemispheric photography, to measure and analyze the dynamics of leaf area index (LAI) and canopy openness of the three forest communities. The results show that the LAI values of DBF and LF increased gradually with plant growth and development. The highest LAI value appeared in August, while canopy openness changed inversely with LAI. The lowest value appeared in November. DBF maintained a higher LAI in August and had a more open canopy in November compared with LF. For PF, we observed little changes in the LAI and canopy openness which was attributed to the leaf retention of this evergreen species. However, a similar relation between LAI and canopy openness was found for the three forest communities: canopy openness varied inversely with LAI. The relation is exponential and significant. Therefore, canopy openness is a good indicator of LAI in forests. This result can be used to test the validity of the LAI based on remote sensing and to provide a reference for the study of the canopy heterogeneity and its effect. This also benefits modeling for fluxes of carbon, water and energy from the level of the stand to landscape. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 431–436 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

Extract of Magnoliae Flos inhibits ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by blocking osteoclastogenesis and reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast activity surpasses osteoblast activity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate osteoclast differentiation and activity by increasing production of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In this study, we investigated whether Magnoliae Flos (MF), one of the most commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs for managing rhinitis, sinusitis and headache, could effectively inhibit osteoporosis. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice compared to sham mice, the body weight increased and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b, calcium, and osteocalcin were significantly elevated. However, orally administrated MF extract substantially inhibited the increased body weight and serum levels of bone turnover markers, without any evidence of tissue toxicity. MF extract treatment significantly reversed the morphometric parameters of ovariectomy-induced bone loss, including trabecular bone volume, thickness, number, separation, and bone density, to almost the same levels of the sham mice. Furthermore, MF extract reduced the RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by inhibiting the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K in mouse bone marrow macrophages. MF extract appeared to increase ALP activity in murine osteoblastic cells. Taken together, MF extract may be a beneficial supplement for the blockade of osteoporosis progression, particularly for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

GAP STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF FOREST TRANSECT USINGTHE 1-D DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

INTRoDUCTIoNInthispaper,wepresentatechniquckno\`-nas\\-a1'clcttransformwhichcanbcuscdloquantif}'spatialstrucforeasafunctionofscaIcandpositionalongoncdlmensiontran-sectWa\clctsx`creproposcdforseismicdatabxJMorlet.Therecent\'earshat'esccnas}'ntl1csisal11ongallthescdlffercntapproacl1cstllatl1asbccn\'crr'fcrtileforalltl1cficldscon-ccn1cd.Theu,a\'Clctofasignalc\'ol\1l1glntilllcdcpclldsontwo\'ariablcsfscalc(orfre-qucnc})andtlmc(posjtion).Wa\)cIcttransfor111lsintroducedasatecIlniquctoidentif}'…     

退耕还林工程与"三农"问题 --以四川省为例

退耕还林地区是我国“三农”问题最为严重的地区,退耕还林工程的实施为改善生态状况和解决“三农”问题做出了较大贡献。文章在分析四川省现行政策补助期满后面临形势的基础上,提出应从解决“三农”问题、构建社会主义和谐社会的高度来认识搞好退耕还林工程、巩固退耕还林成果的重要性,并提出完善政策、科学规划、稳步推进、务求实效等方面具体政策建议。     

林芝地区园林植物调查及生态效应评价

调查了八一镇主要的园林植物,并在调查的基础上,对八一镇园林植物的生态效应进行了评价。结果表明,本地园林植物主要有33种,含乔木13种,灌木20种;新引种的主要园林植物有26种,含乔木10种,灌木16种。八一镇主要园林植物每年能够吸收CO2 245．6t,释放178．66t的O2,八一镇现有城镇绿地能够满足4．34万人的需要。其生态效应的价值可观。八一镇园林植物的每年最大滞尘量是12．8t,其滞尘效果明显。     

Review on studies of Eupatorium adenophorum——an important invasive species in China

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. was introduced in Yunnan Province of China around 1940. Since then it has been spreading rapidly, particularly in the southern and southwestern parts of China and caused serious economic loss. The biological research and integrated control on E. adenophorum were carried out from 1980‘s in Yunnan Province. Together with other 15 invasive external species, the weed has been listed in the White Paper by The State Environmental Protection Administration of China. This paper briefly reviews thestudies on natural distribution, biological character, ecological character, chemical component, hazard, potential application and the control of E. adenophorum. The research direction for this invasive external species in future was also discussed.