Variation and correlation analysis of flavonoids and carotenoids in Korean pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Flavonoids and carotenoids of pigmented rice ( Oryza sativa L.), including five black cultivars and two red cultivars, from Korea were characterized to determine the diversity among the phytochemicals and to analyze the relationships among their contents. Black cultivars were higher in flavonoids and carotenoids than the red and white cultivars. The profiles of eight phytochemicals identified from the rice grains were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences among cultivars. PCA could fully distinguish between these cultivars. The Heugjinjubyeo (BR-1) and Heugseolbyeo (BR-2) cultivars were separated from the others based on flavonoid and carotenoid concentrations. Flavonoid contents had a positive correlation with carotenoid contents among all rice grains. The BR-1 and BR-2 cultivars appear to be good candidates for future breeding programs because they have simultaneously high flavonoid and carotenoid contents.     

利用网格法确定县域农田整治优先度

为了科学测算农田整治难度系数,合理确定不同评价单元整治的优先次序,该文根据研究区域农田整治特点,以江苏省宝应县为例,以规则网格为评价单元,从土地利用结构、农田空间格局、可提高生产能力、土壤环境质量、人口社会因素等5个影响因素,构建农田整治优先度评价指标体系。对研究区按1′×1′的经纬度网格划分的532个网格评价单元进行农田整治优先度测算,并根据计算结果,按整治优先顺序将整个研究区划分为近期、中期和远期网格单元,分别占42%、31%和27%。远期网格单元分布在宝应县中部和南部的平原区,该区域农田的连片性、细碎度和质量等别等优于其他区域。研究结果表明,该文提出的区域农田整治优先度评价方法,有助于确定农田整治先后顺序,明确优先开展整治区域和方向。该方法为区域土地整治规划提供支撑,也为中国各县市开展高标准基本农田建设提供科学参考。     

带状套作复光后不同大豆品种干物质积累模型与特征分析

为了研究套作下高产类型大豆复光后的干物质积累特征,本研究共采用14个高、中、低产量水平的大豆为材料,比较了不同大豆产量类型品种与玉米套作,复光后的干物质积累特征差异。结果表明:1)高产类型大豆复光后干物质积累量为32.99 g·plant?1,较中、低产类型分别高26.82%和91.51%(两年均值)。2)不同产量类型大豆复光后干物质积累速率均呈先增加后下降的趋势,复光后最大干物质积累速率和平均干物质积累速率呈高产类型中产类型低产类型,高产类型大豆最大干物重积累速率的时间大致在复光后41~42 d,中低产类型则在复光后33~37 d;高产类型大豆复光后干物质渐增期天数、积累速率和干物质积累量以及快增期和缓增期的积累速率和积累量均显著高于中、低产类型。3)产量与最大干物质积累速率、最大干物质积累速率时间、平均干物质积累速率、渐增期的持续时间及干物质增量、快增期平均积累速率及干物质增量、缓增期平均积累速率及干物质增量呈显著正相关。本研究表明,套作下高产类型大豆复光后较强的干物质积累优势主要表现在复光后渐增期,而复光后渐增期较强的干物质积累能力主要在于其较长的渐增期持续天数。     

Biochar-induced changes in soil properties affected immobilization/mobilization of metals/metalloids in contaminated soils

Purpose

Remediation of metal contaminated soil with biochar is attracting extensive interest in recent years. Understanding the significance of variable biochar properties and soil types helps elucidating the meticulous roles of biochar in immobilizing/mobilizing metals/metalloids in contaminated soils.

Materials and methods

Six biochars were produced from widely available agricultural wastes (i.e., soybean stover, peanut shells and pine needles) at two pyrolysis temperatures of 300 and 700 °C, respectively. The Pb-, Cu-, and Sb-contaminated shooting range soils and Pb-, Zn-, and As-contaminated agricultural soils were amended with the produced biochars. The mobility of metals/metalloids was assessed by the standard batch leaching test, principal component analysis and speciation modeling.

Results and discussion

The changes in soil properties were correlated to feedstock types and pyrolysis temperatures of biochars based on the principal component analysis. Biochars produced at 300 °C were more efficient in decreasing Pb and Cu mobility (>93 %) in alkaline shooting range soil via surface complexation with carboxyl groups and Fe-/Al-minerals of biochars as well as metal-phosphates precipitation. By contrast, biochars produced at 700 °C outperformed their counterparts in decreasing Pb and Zn mobility (100 %) in acidic agricultural soil by metal-hydroxides precipitation due to biochar-induced pH increase. However, Sb and As mobility in both soils was unfavorably increased by biochar amendment, possibly due to the enhanced electrostatic repulsion and competition with phosphate.

Conclusions

It is noteworthy that the application of biochars is not equally effective in immobilizing metals or mobilizing metalloids in different soils. We should apply biochar to multi-metal contaminated soil with great caution and tailor biochar production for achieving desired outcome and avoiding adverse impact on soil ecosystem.

     

N2O production in the organic and mineral horizons of soil had different responses to increasing temperature

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The responses of N2O emission to increasing temperature in different soil horizons are not clearly understood yet. Here, we investigated the effects of increasing...     

套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况试验研究

为了准确掌握金穗4SW系列马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛新型套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况，进行了田间试验和实验室试验。试验表明，该橡胶减振器能够满足生产实际要求和对橡胶减振器的设计寿命要求。给出了符合橡胶减振器疲劳损失衡量标准的静刚度损失值，经生产实践证明，此值具有指导生产的实际意义。     

滨江湿地芦苇的能量获取与收获机械化

根据滨江湿地的高物质生产力与高能量输出的特征,探讨滨江湿地优势植物芦苇的能量获取方式,分析芦苇机械收割的必要性;通过对芦苇人工收割与机械化收割成本收益的比较,说明在滨江湿地实施芦苇机械化收割的意义.同时,针对国内芦苇收割的现状和存在的问题,提出了我国芦苇收获机械化的发展对策.     

2ZT—2型甜菜移栽机栽植系统的参数分析

对2ZT-2型甜菜移栽机栽植器进行了运动分析与仿真研究.应用ADAMS建立了移栽机栽植器的模型,通过运动学分析对2ZT-2型甜菜移栽机的相关设计参数进行了优化,得出了影响因素变化时对纸筒苗栽植状态的影响规律,并得出了该甜菜移栽机栽植器合理的特征参数值和鸭嘴开启运动规律.     

钙、钙调素在刺梨果实发育过程中的含量变化研究

为探讨Ca2 、CaM在刺梨果实发育过程中的含量变化,以贵农5号优系为试材,测定其果实发育过程中Ca2 和CaM的含量及可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C的含量.结果表明:刺梨果实发育过程中,Ca2 含量前期高后期低,呈逐渐下降的趋势;CaM含量呈波动状态,在果实发育的中前期,与果实发育状况之间成相互响应的曲线变化;果实发育的后期,CaM含量处于较高的水平,与此期可溶性总糖、还原糖、维生素C的高水平相对应.本文还对Ca2 、CaM在刺梨果实发育的不同阶段可能的调控机理进行了讨论.     

泥炭复合基质对不同作物育苗效果的研究

用不同泥炭含量的土壤-泥炭复合基质进行玉米、菜豆、蓖麻种子育苗试验,结果表明,育苗基质中泥炭不同含量对作物种子萌发出苗和幼苗生长均有显著影响,且不同作物对基质泥炭比例有不同要求.对玉米、菜豆和蓖麻种子出苗的适宜基质泥炭含量分别为15%、10%和20%,而对其幼苗生长的适宜基质泥炭含量分别是20%、15%和25%.