河南省大豆审定品种系谱来源及性状分析

为明确河南省大豆审定品种亲缘关系,借鉴有益于育种效果的经验与技术,分析了河南省1985—2012年审定的74个大豆品种的系谱来源、主要农艺性状和经济性状特点。结果表明,河南省审定的大豆品种可明确113个原始亲本,产量与原始亲本数量成显著正相关。河南省大豆审定品种的主要农艺性状中,生育期稳定在106 d左右,株高因品种而异,变化较大;产量构成因素中,单株荚数总体呈增加趋势,百粒质量则相对变化较小。113份原始亲本中,来自河南省及周边省份的原始亲本占总数的50%以上,各审定品种之间血缘关系过于密切。河南省大豆品种合理的产量构成因素应该是:单株荚数48.6个左右,百粒质量17.55~21.80 g。     

茉莉花茶和复方茶防止小鼠急性肾衰竭的研究

茉莉花茶、中药和复方茶对急性肾衰竭小鼠的生化及免疫功能试验结果表明，２．５％花茶、２．５％复方茶和０．３％的中药均能明显降低急性肾衰竭小鼠血清中分子物质（ＭＭＳ）含量。２．５％复方茶能显著降低肾衰竭小鼠血清尿素氮含量，而花茶和单纯中药的作用不明显。花茶、中药、复方茶均可显著促进小鼠脾Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖反应，而且都能增强小鼠脾淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－３的活性。文中还对花茶和复方茶保护肾功能的机理进行了讨论。     

16个柑桔品种的光合特性

试验研究了 16个柑桔品种的光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点及光合速率的日变化规律。结果表明 ,供试的 16个柑桔品种的光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点存在差异 ,其大小顺序为 :清见橘橙 >清家脐橙 >红肉脐橙 >丰脐 >姊良 3号脐橙>德尔塔夏橙 >卡特 >大三岛脐橙 >纽荷尔脐橙 >梦脐橙 >白柳脐橙 >红夏橙 >铃木脐橙 >福罗斯特脐橙 >Fallago橘>朋娜脐橙。大三岛脐橙、红夏橙的光饱和点最高 ,红肉脐橙、姊良 3号脐橙、梦脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、德尔塔夏橙、卡特夏橙、清见橘橙、福罗斯特脐橙次之 ,纽荷尔脐橙、丰脐、铃木脐橙、Fallago橘较低 ;16个柑桔品种光补偿点在 8.4～6 6 .5μmol m- 2 s- 1 之间 ,福罗斯特脐橙的光补偿点最高 ,姊良 3号脐橙、朋娜脐橙、大三岛脐橙、德尔塔夏橙次之 ,其它柑桔品种光补偿点较低。供试柑桔品种在晴天光合速率的日变化均呈双峰曲线 ,中午有明显的“午休”现象。     

荔枝酒香气成分的GC/MS分析

利用溶剂萃取法对荔枝酒中的挥发性成分进行提取,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)技术对其分析,经过NIST02谱库检索对比,在荔枝酒中共检测出68个峰,鉴定出67种化合物。醇类和酯类是荔枝酒中香气贡献最大的两类化合物。初步得出该荔枝酒中的特征香气化合物为β-里哪醇、香叶醇和2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇。     

几种加湿器综合性能比较

通过对几种加湿器性能的测试比较，归纳各自的特点和适用条件，按加湿原理分成三类，按热加湿和冷加湿分成两类。     

大学生就业市场化与高校教育的科学走向

随着形势的发展,我国大学生的就业模式发生了根本的变化,这种变化后出现的大学生就业问题,暴露了我国现行高校教育还存在严重的弊端。面对新的就业市场机制,高校教育必须坚持以市场为导向,深化教育改革,走科学化的教育发展道路。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of equine NK-lysin

NK-lysin is an antimicrobial peptide of cytotoxic and NK lymphocytes that has powerful antibacterial properties as well as antitumoral activity. Here we report the full-length cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence for equine NK-lysin. Equine NK-lysin is 67% identical to porcine NK-lysin, 53% identical to bovine NK-lysin and 41% identical to granulysin in amino acid sequence. Complete conservation of cysteine residues between equine, bovine and porcine NK-lysin suggests similar disulfide bonding patterns among these peptides. Equine NK-lysin has the most positive surface charge when compared with other homologues. Similar to expression profiles in other species, equine NK-lysin is constitutively transcribed in various lymphocytes that include CD4+ and CD8+ staining cells. These findings suggest that equine NK-lysin, similar in cDNA sequence to the porcine, bovine and human homologues may play a role in antimicrobial defense.     

Changes in orexin-A and neuropeptide y expression in the hypothalamus of obese and lean Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of orexin-A (OXA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the hypothalamus of the obese and lean Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats which have a missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene. The mean body weights (MBW) between the obese and lean ZDF rats were significantly different at 28 and 70 postnatal days. However, at 14 postnatal day, there was no significant difference in the MBW between the obese and lean ZDF rats in both male and female. The OXA immunoreactivities were not significantly different between the obese and lean ZDF rats in both sexes at 14, 28, and 70 postnatal days, respectively. The NPY immunoreactivity was higher in the obese than in the lean ZDF rats in both male and female at 28 and 70 postnatal days, whereas there was no significant difference between the obese and lean ZDF rats at 14 postnatal day. These results indicate that both OXA and NPY might halt their roles for food intake in the obese phenotype of the male and female ZDF rats in the preweaning period of 14 postnatal day, whereas NPY might play a main role in the obesity of these rats in the weaning period of 28 and 70 postnatal days.     

Cow-level evaluation of a kinetics ELISA with multiple cutoff values to detect fecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in New York State dairy cows

In control programs for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the infection status of the cows in a herd is often obtained by testing (a sample of) the herd with an ELISA that may lack some sensitivity and specificity but that is fast and inexpensive. In New York State (NYS), an unabsorbed kinetics ELISA (KELA) has been used extensively for Map control. The objective of this study was to determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of the KELA for detection of fecal shedding of Map for the NYS dairy cow population, taking into account possible confounders such as different antigen batches and Map prevalence in a herd.

The data for the study consisted of all serum samples from NYS dairy cows with concurrent fecal culture results submitted to the NY Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory (NYAHDL) between 1991 and 1996 (n = 10,562). The data represented cows with different levels of fecal shedding from herds with different within-herd Map prevalence, including herds that were whole herd fecal culture negative on repeated testing.

The cutoff values were based on the predictive value for fecal shedding obtained with a multiple logistic regression model that included variables for the three antigen batches and the Map prevalence in the herd. The KELA could not distinguish between non-shedders and low shedders (≤30 total colony forming units (TCFU)) and thus the predictive value of the KELA to detect moderate to heavy fecal shedders (>30 TCFU) was modeled. The three cutoff values of 65, 135 and 170 were based on low (<0.2), moderate (<0.80) and high (>0.95) probabilities for moderate to heavy fecal shedding. The sensitivity and specificity values relative to culture were 67% and 95.2%, 31% and 99.7%, and 11% and 99.9% for the three cutoff values, respectively. Cutoff values for the KELA decreased for herds with increasing within-herd Map prevalence. For the best positive predictive value of a KELA for moderate to heavy fecal shedding, the cutoff values should be determined based on the apparent within-herd prevalence in a herd.     

预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递