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61.
Tamie Noda Koichi Murakami Tetsuo Asai Yoshiki Etoh Tomoe Ishihara Toshiro Kuroki Kazumi Horikawa Shuji Fujimoto 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):38
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was responsible for a worldwide pandemic during the 1980s and 1990s; however, changes in the dominant lineage before and after this event remain unknown. This study determined S. Enteritidis lineages before and after this pandemic event in Japan using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Thirty S. Enteritidis strains were collected in Japan between 1973 and 2004, consisting of 27 human strains from individual episodes, a bovine strain, a liquid egg strain and an eggshell strain. Strains showed nine phage types and 17 pulsed-field profiles with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All strains had homologous type 11 sequences without any nucleotide differences in seven housekeeping genes. These MLST results suggest that S. Enteritidis with the diversities revealed by phage typing and pulsed-field profiling has a highly clonal population. Although type 11 S. Enteritidis may exhibit both pleiotropic surface structure and pulsed-field type variation, it is likely to be a stable lineage derived from an ancestor before the 1980s and/or 1990s pandemic in Japan. 相似文献
62.
O. Sonnentag M. Detto R. Vargas Y. Ryu B.R.K. Runkle M. Kelly D.D. Baldocchi 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(7):916-926
The continued spread of invasive weeds is threatening ecosystem health throughout North America. Understanding the relationships between invasive weeds’ key phenological phases and structural and/or functional canopy development is an essential step for making informed decisions regarding their management. We analyzed a three-year image archive obtained from an inexpensive webcam overlooking a perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.) infestation in California to explore the ability of red (R)-green (G)-blue (B) color space information to track the structural and functional development of the pepperweed. We characterized structural and functional canopy development through surface roughness length (z0m; a proxy for canopy height and leaf area index) and canopy photosynthesis (FA), respectively, both of which we derived from eddy covariance measurements. Here we demonstrate the use of cross-correlation functions to determine the temporal lags between chromatic coordinates and two color indices, all calculated from RGB brightness levels, with z0m and FA. We found that these color metrics fail to represent the structural and/or functional state of the canopy. In contrast, relative luminance (CIE Y) appears to be a better indicator for z0m and especially for FA. We calculated CIE Y from pepperweed RGB brightness levels in relation to hypothetical horizontal reference RGB brightness levels. We obtained the latter by applying the ratio between horizontally measured and hypothetical incoming solar radiation on a vertical surface to RGB brightness levels of a vertically oriented reference of invariant light-grey color. We conclude that webcam image archives may provide an inexpensive tool for making informed decisions regarding the timing but not for assessing the effectiveness of invasive plant control measures such as mowing. 相似文献
63.
Satoko Watanabe Kimihito Nakamura Chan Seok Ryu Michihisa Iida Shigeto Kawashima 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):224-237
Treatment of animal and food wastes using a methane fermentation technique is drawing considerable public attention as a suitable option for the utilization of biomass resources. The application of a fermentation byproduct (methane fermentation digested liquid) as an agricultural fertilizer has been investigated. Determining the appropriate timing required for applying digested liquid on a rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy plot is important. The concentrations of soil nitrogen (N) components and rice yield should be considered because digested liquid contains both inorganic and organic N. This study compares the N transformation and the rice yield and growth at different application times over a period of 3 y. The effects of the timing of basal application on soil N were different and the timing that maximized the rice yield was different in each year. Days before ponding (DBP) affected soil N before mid-summer drainage, and rice growth rates at the panicle formation stage and the ear emergence stage. The effects of DBP disappeared before harvest. The results indicated that sufficient potentially mineralizable N existed regardless of DBP, and the effect of DBP lessened after the mid-summer drainage, which coincides with the period when N uptake is most active. 相似文献
64.
Instantaneous neutralization of Fe (III) chloride dissolved in N a citrate by powdery NaHC03 gave stable clear brown sols. The sol particles separated by dialysis and freeze-drying showed a single diffraction peak at 2 nm and a citrate/Fe molar ratio of about 0.2 irrespective of the composition of the starting solutions. This indicates that the product may be a novel phase of Fe (III) citrate. 相似文献
65.
H. Takahashi M. Noda K. Sakurai A. Watanabe H. Akagi K. Sato K. Takeda 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):761-768
In drought areas, in which topsoil moisture is low, barley seeds are generally sown in the subsoil (deep-seeding). In order
for the shoots of germinating seeds to emerge from the deep soil cover, the coleoptile and the first internode of the seedlings
must elongate as an adaptive response to deep-seeding. Here, we have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these adaptive
characteristics. Elongation of the coleoptile and first internode was investigated using seeds sown under two soil cover conditions:
at a depth of 9 cm beneath a soil mixture; and, at a depth of 12 cm beneath vermiculite. We identified multiple alleles for
increased coleoptile and first internode elongation using a doubled haploid population of 150 lines generated from a cross
between the barley cultivars Harrington and TR306. Composite interval mapping analyses of the data revealed two moderate and
eleven small effect QTLs, with at least one QTL on each chromosome. The QTLs on chromosomes 5H and 7H had moderate effects
on coleoptile elongation (18.5–27.6% of PVE: phenotypic variance explained; 2.6–3.2 mm of Add: additive effect) and first
internode elongation (PVE: 16.6–19.6%; Add: 3.1–3.2 mm). The small effect QTLs showed PVEs of less than 15% and an Add range
of 1.2–3.2 mm for both characters. A marker assisted selection approach, using markers linked to the QTLs for seedling elongation
at deep-seeding, may eventually enable development of drought tolerant barley hybrids. 相似文献
66.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality rates and accounts for one-third of deaths worldwide. Accordingly, as dietary changes in daily life are thought to greatly reduce the prevalence of CVD, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the potential use of foods and their bioactive components for preventing and treating CVD. In particular, seaweeds contain unique bioactive metabolites that are not found in terrestrial plants because of the harsh environment in which they survive, leading to in vitro and in vivo studies of their prevention and treatment effects. This review summarizes studies that focused on the beneficial effects of seaweeds and their natural products targeting markers involved in a cascade of mechanisms related to CVD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential of seaweeds and their natural products for preventing and treating CVD based on in vivo and in vitro studies. This review provides a basis for future research in the field of marine drugs. 相似文献
67.
Changes in N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase and B-glucuronidase activities in milk during bovine mastitis. 下载免费PDF全文
To determine the N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and B-glucuronidase (B-Gase) activities in mastitic milk, basic enzyme assay conditions, distribution of NAGase and B-Gase, comparison of their activities with California Mastitis Test scores, and the effects of the milking process on their enzyme activities were examined. The mean NAGase and B-Gase activities in milk macrophages were about threefold higher than those of milk and blood polymorphonuclear cells. Very little NAGase activity appeared to be associated with blood mononuclear cells, whereas a relatively higher B-Gase activity was observed. California Mastitis Test scores of each group (1 to 5) appeared to be well correlated (r = 0.86 for NAGase and 0.92 for B-Gase) with the levels of NAGase and B-Gase activity. The milking process was least effective in the normal milk, but some variations of enzyme activities during milking in mastitic milk were found. Changes in NAGase and B-Gase activities in quarter milk were well monitored during the course of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
68.
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70.
Min‐Ok Ryu Byung‐Gak Kim Ul‐Soo Choi Kwan‐Hyuck Baek Young‐Ki Song Qiang Li Kyoung‐Won Seo Sandra Ryeom Hwa‐Young Youn Dong‐Ha Bhang 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(1):99-106
Protein kinase A, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐dependent enzyme, normally exists within mammalian cells; however, in cancer cells, it can leak out and be found in the serum. Extracellular cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase A (ECPKA) has been determined to increase in the serum of cancer‐bearing dogs. However, there have been no reports in the veterinary literature on serum ECPKA autoantibody (ECPKA‐Ab) expression in dogs with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate ECPKA‐Ab and C‐reactive protein (CRP) as serum biomarkers for cancer in dogs. ECPKA‐Ab and CRP levels were detected by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from dogs with malignant tumours (n = 167), benign tumours (n = 42), or non‐tumour disease (n = 155) and from healthy control dogs (n = 123). ECPKA‐Ab and CRP levels were significantly higher in the dogs with malignant tumours than in those with benign tumours or non‐tumour diseases, as well as in the healthy controls (P < 0.001, Kruskal‐Wallis test). There was a significant positive correlation between the neoplastic index, which was developed using ECPKA‐Ab and CRP levels, and the presence of cancer in dogs (P < 0.001); the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve was estimated to be >0.85 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, ECPKA‐Ab is a potential serum biomarker for a broad spectrum of cancers. Combined measurement of CRP and ECPKA‐Ab levels in serum improves the sensitivity and accuracy of a diagnosis of cancer in dogs. 相似文献