杂交水稻育性基因型初探

本试验通过对两组不完全双列杂交(6×5和4×3)组合的F_2、F_3及B_1等群体的育性分离情况的观察和分析,初步认为杂交水稻育性茎因型因组合不同而不尽一致。有些组合只具有隐性不育基因,另一些组合则既具有隐性不育基因,也具有显性不育基因,显性可育基因对显性不育基因表现出遮盖作用。隐性不育基因数在组合问的变异主要决定于不育系,而显性不育基因数的变异则主要决定于恢复系。作用育性基因数和显性不育基因数与F_1结实率呈显著负相关。本文还提出了根据已知育性基因型求F_2、B_1和F_3等群体的理论不育株率的公式,以及根据各群体的不育株数和样本容量估算其育性基因型的方法。     

Root Rot of Miniature Roses Caused by Pythium helicoides

Miniature roses growing in an ebb-and-flow watering system developed dieback during the summer growing season of 1996 in Gifu Prefecture. The main diagnostic symptoms were chlorosis of leaf followed by blight, and a brown, water-soaked root rot followed by dieback. Pythium isolates were recovered from the rotted root. The isolates form proliferous ellipsoidal papillate sporangia, spherical smooth oogonia, elongate antheridia, and aplerotic oospores. The optimum temperature for hyphal growth was 35°C with a growth rate of 34 mm/24 hr. Optimum temperature of zoospore formation (25-30°C) was lower than that of mycelial growth, and zoospores were produced even at 10°C. The isolates were identified as P. helicoides on the basis of these characteristics. In pathogenicity tests disease severity was highest at the highest tested temperature (35°C) at which the disease naturally occurred in summer. Four days after inoculation, the leaves turned yellow and the roots had a water-soaked rot, followed by leaf blight and root dieback after 7 days. The disease transmission test showed that diseased plants were found throughout the bench after 10 days. Received 4 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 10 October 2001     

曼氏无针乌贼荧光染色标志方法研究

建立一种高效的标志方法,为更加准确地评价曼氏无针乌贼增殖放流的效果提供技术保障.以曼氏无针乌贼为试验对象,利用茜素络合物(ALC)浸泡曼氏无针乌贼幼体,对其内壳进行标志.设置5个浓度梯度组和2个时间段,测量并观察曼氏无针乌贼胴背长、体质量及存活率.将试验组与对照组各50尾饲养于直径2.5m的圆形水泥池内,分别在染色后5、12、19、26 d进行随机取样并对标志曼氏无针乌贼进行高温处理5 min,解剖出内壳观察标志色保留状况.最佳染色剂浓度和浸染时间分别为90 mg/L和24 h;曼氏无针乌贼胴背长和体质量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),试验组与对照组曼氏无针乌贼的生长发育差异不显著(P＞0.05);26 d后内壳标志色依然清晰保留初染时的椭圆形粉红色,高温处理前、后着色部位的范围和颜色均未发生变化.ALC荧光染色标志法兼具体内标志和外部可见的双重效果,标志曼氏无针乌贼的存活率和标志色保持率均为100％.结果表明本方法简单高效,能进行批量标志处理,是一种理想的曼氏无针乌贼标志方法,具有广阔的应用前景.     

一种新型水稻的研究进展(综述)

早稳型水稻是一种新型的杂交水稻,它由三倍体与二倍体杂交产生的F2代的稳定株系选育而成,具有新颖性、可遗传的早代稳定等特点,其F2代稳定这一特异现象难以用经典的遗传学理论解释,现有的研究表明一种特殊的基因控制着早代稳定的遗传,但对这一特殊的基因有待进一步的研究证实.目前对这种新型杂交水稻的深入研究在胚胎学、     

应用稳定同位素技术分析枸杞岛近岸海域褐菖鲉的食性

为获知褐菖鲉的食性,本研究应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了不同季节和发育阶段褐菖鲉的摄食习性,并评估了浮游动物、端足类、虾蟹类和小型鱼类等饵料生物对褐菖鲉的营养贡献。结果显示,枸杞岛近岸海域4个季节褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值为–18.2‰~–14.7‰,平均值为–15.6‰;δ~(15)N值为3.3‰~9.9‰,平均值为7.9‰;单因素方差分析显示,褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值在不同季节之间差异都不显著,说明不同季节之间褐菖鲉的食性差异不大。对褐菖鲉全长和碳、氮稳定同位素比值进行线性回归分析,显示其δ~(13)C值和δ~(15)N值随全长变化都极显著,表明不同发育阶段褐菖鲉的食性差异极显著。聚类分析将不同全长的褐菖鲉分为3组,其中0~19 mm为一组,20~79和80~109 mm为一组,110~199 mm为一组,ANOSIM分析3组之间的差异极显著。褐菖鲉的δ~(13)C值与虾蟹类和鱼类等饵料类群δ~(13)C值较接近,应用Iso Source软件分析饵料类群的营养贡献时发现,麦秆虫对褐菖鲉的的营养贡献均值最大,为22.3%,鱼类、虾蟹类等饵料类群的营养贡献均值都超过了12%。枸杞岛近岸海域褐菖鲉的平均营养级为3.18,属于低级肉食性鱼类,主要摄食麦秆虫、鱼类和虾蟹类,是底栖动物食性,而非浮游动物食性。     

杂交水稻主要性状配合力、遗传力的初步研究

用(冈)朝阳一号A等6个不育系与泰引1号等5个恢复系组成6×5不完全双列杂交。估算了株高、生育期等16个性状的配合力与遗传力。结果表明:杂交水稻杂种 F₁的产量和其他性状,同时受恢复系、不育系一般配合力效应和组合特殊配合力效应的作用。这三种配合力,总称为配合力总效应(用 t.c.a表示)。不育系和恢复系的一般配     

浙江舟山人工生境水域日本黄姑鱼和黑鲷的增殖放流效果及评估

基于2004-2008年浙江舟山趋礁性鱼类的增殖放流数据,以日本黄姑鱼(Nibea japonica)和黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)作为研究对象,采用现场调查与理论推算相结合的方法,分析放流后放流点附近海域放流种类的回捕率、移动分布情况、生长情况及死亡情况。结果表明,黑鲷和日本黄姑鱼的回捕率逐年增长,黑鲷在2008年仅游钓回捕率就达到3.68%,手钓率逐年上升,规格逐年变小,补充群体数量有增加的趋势;放流3个月后回捕的黑鲷平均叉长和平均体质量分别增加70.29%和390.25%,而日本黄姑鱼平均体长可增加200%,日均体质量增长速度为1g/d;预计至放流后第4年黑鲷总的投入产出比将达1:6.55,日本黄姑鱼投入产出比当年就可达1:12以上。生长比对实验表明,黑鲷和日本黄姑鱼在自然海域生长比网箱养殖和池塘养殖更具优势,岩礁性种类在连续放流3年以上时增殖的累积正效应才逐渐得以体现。结论认为,人工生境水域的增殖放流增加了渔业产量,使种群得以恢复,也丰富了自然水域的生物多样性,改善了水域生态群落结构,有利于水域生态环境的修复。     

水稻无融合生殖研究现状与问题

本文综述了植物无融合生殖概念的发展历史。简述了目前报道了的水稻主要无融合生殖材料的特点特征以及近年来的一些新进展。同时指出了水稻无融合生殖研究当中存在的问题和注意事项。最后,简要介绍了作者的工作情况。     

Differentiation of stem progenitor CD9/SOX2-positive cells is promoted with increased prolactin-producing and endothelial cells in the pituitary

Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor cells in the adenohypophysis, comprising the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). The cells are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke’s cleft (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously demonstrated in vitro that the tetraspanin superfamily CD9 and SOX2 double-positive (CD9/SOX2-positive) cells in the IL-side MCL migrate to the AL side and differentiate into hormone-producing and endothelial cells in the AL parenchyma. Here, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate the role of IL-side CD9/SOX2-positive cells in pregnancy, lactation, and treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES; an estrogen analog) when an increased population of prolactin (PRL) cells was observed in the AL of the rat pituitary. The proportions of CD9/SOX2-, CD9/Ki67-, and PRL/TUNEL-positive cells decreased in the primary and secondary niches during pregnancy and DES treatment. In contrast, the number of CD9/PRL-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma during pregnancy and during DES treatment. The proportion of PRL/Ki67-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma in response to DES treatment. Next, we isolated CD9-positive cells from the IL-side MCL using an anti-CD9 antibody. During cell culture, the cells formed free-floating three-dimensional clusters (pituispheres). Furthermore, CD9-positive cells in the pituisphere differentiated into PRL cells, and their differentiation potential was promoted by DES. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL-side MCL may act as adult stem cells in the AL parenchyma that supply PRL cells under the influence of estrogen.     

试议农垦58S衍生光温敏不育系的核不育基因等位性

评述了关于农垦５８Ｓ衍生光温敏不育系的核不育基因等位性问题的３种观点；简介笔者近年在这方面研究的结果，提出对这一问题的３点看法。