南阳牛育种资料数据库系统的设计

南阳牛是我国的优良品种,建立该系统有助于管理利用好南阳牛的育种资料.加速其肉用育种.本系统采用dBASEⅢ语言,菜单驱动,汉化提示.建立了初生犊牛和6、12、18月龄育成牛育种资料数据库.系统包括建立、维护、查询、信息、咨询分析和输出6个功能模块.本文还介绍了实现各个主要功能模块的程序之设计技巧.其中,实现咨询分析的程序中调用了BASIC程序文件而进行复杂的运算.最后,对本系统的特点及需要完善的内容进行了分析、评价,并作了展望.     

不同贮藏温度对小黑麦花粉活力的影响

在室温、4℃、-20℃和液氮(-196℃)下贮藏小黑麦的花粉,研究不同温度对新小黑麦1号、3号、4号和5号花粉活力的影响,结果表明:室温条件下保存3 h,小黑麦花粉活力均在80%左右,3~4 h后花粉活力降低很快,7~8h后花粉活力几乎全无。4℃保存可适当延长花粉活力,保存8 h后,新小黑麦1号、5号花粉的活力降低到60%,而3号和4号降低为80%左右。48 h左右花粉活力降至0%。与4℃相比,-20℃保存下不同品种小黑麦花粉活力降低更快,4 h后花粉活力降低到50%~65%,16 h后花粉活力接近0%。液氮超低温冷冻保存下小黑麦花粉活力相对稳定,保存10天后活力仍然很高,其活力相对保持率在92%左右,理论上可以长时间保存花粉。     

不同向日葵品种对黄萎病的抗性*

采用浸根接种法鉴定不同向日葵种质资源对黄萎病的抗性差异。结果表明：40份供试向日葵品种依据抗性划分标准共分为3类,其中中抗品种有5份如：‘118’、‘新葵杂5号’等;低抗品种有8份如‘767’、‘KJ003’等;其余27份供试材料均呈现感病;没有鉴定出免疫和高抗的向日葵品种。     

中越水稻迁飞性害虫稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟发生关系分析

中越两国同属东亚季风区,水稻病虫害在发生危害上为一个整体。每年水稻稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟(以下简称"两迁"害虫)随着季节和气温变化,在两国间往返迁飞,发生为害,相互影响。研究两国水稻迁飞性害虫发生的关系和影响规律,对于提高监测预警的早期预见性和防控工作的主动性,有效控制其危害具有重要意义。2010年以来,中越两国实施了中越水稻迁飞性害虫监测与防治合作项目,通过连续多年开展交流合作,初步明确了越南"两迁"害虫发生规律。本文简要分析了影响越南"两迁"害虫发生的主要因素,探讨了中越两国水稻"两迁"害虫发生规律的相关性,对提高中国"两迁"害虫中、长期预报能力和综合治理水平发挥了积极作用。     

Effects of melatonin on maturation,histone acetylation,autophagy of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development

Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenous hormone with roles in animal germ cell development. However, the effect of MLT on porcine oocyte maturation and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous MLT on oocyte maturation, histone acetylation, autophagy and subsequent embryonic development. We found that 1 nmol/L MLT supplemented in maturation medium was the optimal concentration to promote porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent developmental competence and quality of parthenogenetic embryos. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of 1 nmol/L MLT treatment on porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development were mainly attributed to the first half period of in vitro maturation. Simultaneously, MLT treatment could also improve maturation of small follicle‐derived oocytes, morphologically poor (cumulus cell layer ≤1) and even artificially denuded oocytes and their subsequent embryo development. Furthermore, MLT treatment not only could decrease the levels of H3K27ac and H4K16ac in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, but also could increase the expression abundances of genes associated with cumulus cell expansion, meiotic maturation, histone acetylation and autophagy in cumulus cells or MII oocytes. These results indicate that MLT treatment can facilitate porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development probably, through improvements in histone acetylation and autophagy in oocytes.     

电动树干药液注射机钻头行程控制系统设计

针对目前树木遭受病虫危害的现象,设计一种由单片机控制的电动树干药液注射机钻头行程控制系统,防治病虫危害,矫治缺素症。该系统实现了注射机钻头由直流电机和步进电动机带动,径向进给到树木内部的适当位置,在单片机的控制下退出适当的距离以实现药液的注射,最后实现电动树干注射机钻头的有效退出,最终达到为大树治病的效果。     

三疣梭子蟹分子生物学研究进展

三疣梭子蟹作为重要的海洋经济动物,在基础生物学方面有较为全面的研究和总结,但在分子生物学方面的研究还处于起步阶段,相关研究主要集中在同工酶谱分析、RAPD分子标记研究和线粒体基因组序列分析等方面.本文对三疣梭子蟹分子生物学,尤其是分子标记技术的应用研究取得的进展情况进行了阐述,探讨了三疣梭子蟹的研究发展方向,为今后更为系统地研究三疣梭子蟹提供理论依据.     

中华蜜蜂对荔枝园常见化学农药的触角电位反应

利用触角电生理技术测定了中华蜜蜂对荔枝园常用10种化学农药的触角电位反应（EAG）。结果表明，中华蜜蜂对不同化学农药品种的EAG反应值各不相同，其中高效顺反氯氰菊酯引发的EAG反应值最大，而生绿Bt粉剂引发的EAG反应值最小，两者间的差异达到极显著水平。这些农药品种引发中华蜜蜂EAG反应值的大小顺序为：高效顺反氯氰菊酯〉乐斯本乳油〉乐果乳油〉杀虫双水剂〉农地乐〉敌杀死乳油〉阿维菌素乳油〉灭百可乳油〉敌百虫乳油〉生绿Bt粉剂。这些研究结果可为我们从保护授粉蜜蜂的角度出发，在荔枝园中有选择性地施用对蜜蜂不敏感的农药品种提供有益参考。     

速溶茶渣饲用价值研究：Ⅰ.速溶茶渣对育肥猪的饲养效果

为探寻速溶茶湘对畜禽的饲用效果,在饲粮中加入５％的速溶茶以替代５％的麦麸进行对比试验。结果表明：速溶茶渣对生长育肥猪的生长及肉质无显著影响（Ｐ〉０．０５）,且试猪血液中５种化学成分含量和６种酶活性亦无显著变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）,适当搭配可以用作生长育肥猪的饲料原料。     

Age-related changes in the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches in small intestine of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)

The distribution, size, and appearance of Peyer's patches vary according to species. In order to determine the anatomical characteristics of Peyer's patches in small intestine of Bactrian camel, and age-related changes in the number of Peyer's patches, 40 Bactrian camels of the following four age groups were studied: young (0.5–2 years), pubertal (3–5 years), middle-aged (6–16 years), and old (17–20 years). The exact number of Peyer's patches was recorded, and the appearance of Peyer's patches was described in detail. The results indicated that Peyer's patches of Bactrian camels not only have a particular anatomical location and distinct appearance but also change with age. They were distributed in the whole small intestine and there were four distinct types of Peyer's patches: nodular, faviform, cup-shaped, and cystic form Peyer's patches. However, the nodular and cystic form Peyer’s patches are specific to Bactrian camel, which have not been found in other animals including Dromedary camel. In addition, the distribution density of Peyer's patches in ileum was the maximum, then was jejunum and duodenum. Further statistical analysis showed that the number of Peyer's patches was altered with age. The number peaked in 5-year-old camels and declined subsequently with age. However, there was little change in the size of Peyer's patches in different age groups; no age-related macroscopic variations in the shape or size of the Peyer's patches were found. Results obtained from this study provide the basic information to further study on the gastrointestinal mucosal immunity of Bactrian camel.