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41.
R. Geiger 《Journal of pest science》1961,34(10):159
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
42.
A study on biochemical mechanisms of the rubber tree aggression by two root rotting fungi Rigidoporus lignosus and Phellinus noxius was carried out. The activity of eight enzymes and their spatial distribution in adult tap root tissues were measured. Finally their origin, host or parasite, and physiological signification in the pathogenic process were discussed. 相似文献
43.
Huber Bernhart M. postner Rudolf Mayer H. Mayer und Ernst 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1959,78(3-4):122-128
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
44.
A preliminary trial of the sedation induced by intranasal administration of midazolam alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine and reversal by atipamezole for a short‐term immobilization in pigeons
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Slavomir Hornak Tomas Liptak Valent Ledecky Rudolf Hromada Jan Bilek David Mazensky Vladimir Petrovic 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(2):192-196
ObjectiveTo assess the sedative and immobilization effect of intranasal administration (INS) of midazolam (MID) without or with INS dexmedetomidine (DXM), and some physiological changes induced by the drugs. The ability of INS atipamezole to reverse the DXM component was also assessed.Study designProspective ‘blinded’ experimental study.AnimalsIn total, 15 pigeons.MethodsPigeons were sedated by INS MID alone at a dose of 5 mg kg−1 (group MID, n = 6) or in combination with INS DXM at a dose 80 μg kg−1 (group MID-DXM, n = 6). Measurements were made of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and cloacal temperature (CT). The degree of sedation was assessed at 15 minutes prior to, immediately after, and at intervals until 100 minutes after drug administrations. Following MID-DXM, INS atipamezole (250 μg kg−1) was administered and the same indices measured 5 and 10 minutes later.ResultsMID had no effect on HR and fR, and although CT decreased, it remained within physiological range. MID-DXM caused significant falls in HR, fR and CT that persisted until the end of sedation. Atipamezole antagonized sedation and cardiorespiratory side effects of MID-DXM within 10 minutes of application. In addition, for MID compared to MID-DXM, the lowest sedation scores [10 (7–14) and 10.5 (5–14) versus 2 (1–4) and 2 (1–5)] were achieved in the 10th and 20th minute versus the 20th and 30th minute of the sedation, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMID alone, given INS had minimal side effects on vital functions but caused inadequate immobilization of pigeons for restraint in dorsal recumbency. MID-DXM caused an effective degree of immobilization from 20 to 30 minutes after administration, at which time birds tolerated postural changes without resistance. Atipamezole antagonized both side effects and sedation, but complete recovery had not occurred within 10 minutes after its application. 相似文献
45.
LoCascio RG Ninonuevo MR Freeman SL Sela DA Grimm R Lebrilla CB Mills DA German JB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):8914-8919
The molecular basis by which human breast milk supports the development of a protective intestinal microbiome in infants is unknown. After lactose and lipids, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are quantitatively the third largest and most diverse component of breast milk. In this work, glycomic profiling of HMO consumption by bifidobacteria using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry reveals that one species, Bifidobacterium longum biovar infantis ATCC 15697, an isolate from the infant gut, preferentially consumes small mass oligosaccharides, representing 63.9% of the total HMOs available. These HMOs were detected in human breast milk at the onset and constantly through the first month of lactation by use of high performance liquid chromatography-chip time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Further characterization revealed that strain ATCC 15697 possesses both fucosidase and sialidase activities not present in the other tested strains. This work provides evidence that these small mass HMOs are selectively metabolized by select bifidobacterial strains and represent a potential new class of bioactive molecules functioning as prebiotics to facilitate a protective gut colonization in breast-fed newborns. 相似文献
46.
Rudolf Geiger 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1929,51(18):637-656
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
47.
B.I.G. Haussmann D.E. Hess B.V.S. Reddy S.Z. Mukuru M. Kayentao H.G. Welz H.H. Geiger 《Euphytica》2001,122(2):297-308
The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seriously limits sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in Sub-Saharan Africa. As an outbreeder, S. hermonthica is highly variable with an extraordinary capacity to adapt to different hosts and environments, thereby complicating resistance
breeding. To study genotype x environment (G x E) interaction for striga resistance and grain yield, nine sorghum lines, 36
F2 populations and five local checks were grown under striga infestation at two locations in both Mali and Kenya. Mean squares
due to genotypes and G x E interaction were highly significant for both sorghum grain yield and area under striga severity
progress curve(ASVPC, a measure of striga emergence and vigor throughout the season). For grain yield, the entry x location-within-country
interaction explained most of the total G x E while for ASVPC, entry x country and entry x location-within-country interactions
were equally important. Pattern analysis (classification and ordination techniques) was applied to the environment-standardized
matrix of entry x environment means. The classification clearly distinguished Malian from Kenyan locations for ASVPC, but
not for grain yield. Performance plots for different entry groups showed differing patterns of adaptation. The ordination
biplot underlined the importance of entry x country interaction for ASVPC. The F2 derived from the cross of the striga-resistant line Framida with the striga-tolerant cultivar Seredo was the superior entry
for both grain yield and ASVPC, underlining the importance of combining resistance with tolerance in striga resistance breeding.
The observed entry x country interaction for ASVPC may be due to the entries' different reactions to climatic conditions and
putative differences in striga virulence in Mali and Kenya.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
48.
Significance of host complexity and diversity for race-specific leaf-rust resistance in self-fertile synthetic rye populations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Des.) is the most frequently occurring leaf disease in German winter rye (Secale cereale L.). To test the usefulness of race‐specific resistance genes, the effects of increased host diversity and complexity by producing two‐ and four‐line synthetics from inbred lines carrying different resistance genes were analysed. Thirty‐three synthetics along with two full‐sib families and one hybrid variety were tested in 17 environments in Germany under natural infections. For comparison, the parent lines of the synthetics were evaluated in 11 environments. Only two synthetics and the full‐sib families were resistant across all environments. Observed resistance levels of the synthetics were highly correlated (r = 0.83, P = 0.01) with those predicted from the parental values. Host complexity had a minor effect in two‐line synthetics only. In conclusion, the effectiveness of race‐specific leaf‐rust resistances among environments, and increasing the host complexity and diversity does not lead to a higher resistance level than that expected from the resistances of the parents. 相似文献
49.
Drought stress is the main factor limiting barley yields in West Asia and North Africa. This study compares the utility of doubled haploid lines (DHLs) and conventional F2 plant-derived bulks (F2Bs) in improving barley in stress environments. Double crosses were made, DHLs were developed by anther culture from double-cross F1 plants, and F2Bs were produced by bulking the offspring of F2 plants. Field tests were conducted in three drought-stressed environments. No major differences were observed in the mean performance of DHLs and F2Bs. For most traits, both the genotypic and the genotype × location interaction variances were higher in the DHL group, whereas heritabilities were similar. Higher gains from selection were predicted for the DHL group. Regression analysis of yield stability indicated a lower predictability of the DHL performance. The haploid technique can improve breeding populations from which varieties with stable yields can be developed. The costs involved are determined by the DHL production rate, which needs to be improved in many developing countries. 相似文献
50.
Nine populations of rye (Secale cereale L.; the cultivars ‘Kustro’, ‘Danko’ and ‘Carokurz’. a breeding population PA 14/75 and five Iranian primitive ryes) were tested with three or two pathotypes of powder)’ mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. secalis Marchal) to determine the frequencies of vertical resistances. Similarly, three populations of powder)’ mildew isolated from the above eultivars were tested with two rye pathodemes to estimate the frequencies of vertical virulences. Tests were carried out on leaf segments cultivated in vitro. To explain the pattern of the host-parasite interaction, a model with at least four resistance and virulence genes was required. In the rye populations the genotypes of most plants could be determined unambiguously whereas in the powdery mildew populations no unique classification of one-postule isolates was possible due to the limited number of rye differentials. Both the host and the pathogen populations were polymorphic for resistance and virulence, respectively. In all lye populations except PA 14/75 the resistance frequencies were low. In the mildew populations the virulence frequencies were high and complex races occurred rather frequently. The virulence frequencies were related to the resistance frequencies of the respective host population. Results were compared with mathematical host-parasite models accounting for gene-for-gene interaction and balancing natural selection. Observations agree well with theory. 相似文献