高产春大豆干物质积累与花荚形成的关系研究

为探明高产春大豆花荚期干物质积累与花荚形成的关系,田间随机区组排列法研究10个高产大豆品种(系)的花期、花荚期干物质增量分别与开花数、成荚数、产量的关系。结果表明,产量在4 527.4～5 734.2 kg·hm^-2的范围内,花期干物质增量与产量相关不显著,花荚期干物质增量与产量呈极显著正相关,总花数、总荚数均与产量呈显著正相关;花期干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,Y_1=-0.050 3X■+42.285X_1-5 312.2,R^2=0.673 9~*;花荚期的干物质增量与成荚数呈线性关系,Y_2=0.090 4X_5+419.47,R^2=0.719 4^**;开花期叶片干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,花荚期茎秆、叶片、叶柄干物质增量与成荚数均呈二次曲线关系。花期和花荚期过少或过多茎叶干物质积累量均不利于花、荚形成。花期茎叶稳健生长,荚期荚快速生长有利于增加开花数、成荚数。在花期、花荚期地上部干物质增量分别为4 373,7 801 kg·hm^-2、荚干重占33.8%,总花数为3 773.3×10~4朵·hm^-2、总荚数为1 127.3×10~4个·hm^-2,产量可达5 734.2 kg·hm^-2,其干物质成花效率、成荚效率依次为8.63朵·g^-1、1.45个·g^-1。     

基于深度学习与图像处理的哈密瓜表面缺陷检测

针对传统人工检测哈密瓜表面缺陷效率低等问题,提出利用卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN）对哈密瓜表面缺陷进行快速检测。对原始图像进行主成分分析（Principal Components Analysis,PCA）、奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition, SVD）和二值化等预处理操作,通过数据扩充得到正常、霉菌、晒伤和裂纹的哈密瓜图像各2 500幅。构建一种改进的类似VGG卷积神经网络模型,将预处理后的图像输入模型,并使用随机梯度下降（Stochastic Gradient Descent, SGD）优化器进行算法优化,为探究CNN模型的特征提取原理,将改进的类似VGG模型每层卷积的特征进行可视化,最后利用开发的哈密瓜表面缺陷检测软件对模型进行试验验证。研究结果表明：图像预处理算法提高了模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力,改进的类似VGG模型优于AlexNet和VGG-16模型,其训练集和测试集准确率分别为100.00%和97.14%;对比预处理前后4类哈密瓜卷积特征可视化结果表明,随着卷积层层数的增加,哈密瓜表面缺陷特征越来越明显,图像预处理后卷积层特征提取效果优于原始图像提取效果。软件测试结果表明：静态下哈密瓜缺陷检测速率达到0.7 s/幅,识别准确率达到93.50%。研究结果可为哈密瓜表面缺陷在线检测技术提供理论依据和技术参考。     

引发奶牛乏情的疾病研究进展

奶牛乏情是指产后60～90 d没有发情表现的经产奶牛及14～18个月龄不发情的育成牛,机体不表现出任何明显的发情状态,导致卵泡发育不良,从而影响机体排卵,引起发情周期紊乱、妊娠推迟,这对奶牛业的发展产生重大的影响。本文主要综述奶牛出现乏情状态的繁殖性疾病的研究状况,为进一步研究奶牛产后乏情提供理论依据。     

基于价值评价法的人工林下更新苗木优化选择研究

在价值评价法的基础上对林下更新苗木所具有的综合价值设计方案进行评价.评价结果认为,在以生态公益林定位的森林经营中,人工林下更新幼苗的综合价值依次是栓皮栎、构树、黄栌、华北五角枫等,所以在林下层苗木的经营选择中应该按照这些树种的综合价值来进行苗木的选择和操作.除此之外,通过该实例给基层森林经营作业提供一个"物美价廉"的统筹经营的方法.     

Effect of various drought stresses and subsequent recovery on proline,total soluble sugar and starch metabolisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

ABSTRACT

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods in the world, however most improved rice varieties are susceptible to drought stress. A two-year study was conducted to explore the effects of various drought stresses and subsequent recovery on the accumulation and degradation of proline, total soluble sugar and starch in different rice varieties at vegetative stage. The results showed that relative water content in the leaves and sheaths of rice varieties significantly decreased under drought stresses, but not at the same rate. Under control and drought conditions, the water content in sheaths was higher than that in leaves. Interestingly, under severe drought stress in 2015, the leaf water content was higher than the sheath water content. The water distribution between leaves and sheaths might be a response of plants to protect leaf system from devastation by drought. Proline was highly accumulated under drought stress but rapidly decreased after re-watering. The drought tolerant variety DA8 expressed higher ability in accumulation of proline than susceptible varieties. In general, total soluble sugar and starch contents in leaves and sheaths of varieties decreased under drought stress conditions. Total soluble sugar and starch content of DA8 were less affected than other varieties under drought conditions. Our study indicated that metabolisms of total soluble sugar and starch in rice were affected by both environmental conditions and characteristics of varieties. Proline accumulation ability of varieties can be used as a useful indicator for drought tolerant potential in rice breeding for water-limited environments.     

Relationship between endothelial dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under the condition of fatigue stress and effect of herbs to dredge collaterals

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms and relationship among endothelial dysfunction, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and family of interleukins under the condition of excessive fatigue, by using the rats with fatigue stress. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, homocysteine (HCY) group, fatigue stress group, renshen group, shuangshen group and tongxinluo group. Radioimmunoassay was carried out to detect plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AngⅡ), aldosterone (ALD), endothelin (ET), thromboxane-2 (TXA2), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in plasma and interleukin-1β, 2, 6, 10 (IL -1β, IL -2, IL -6) in sera. ELISA was used to detect NE and IL -10. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in sera was also detected. The bioinformatical analysis was used to determine the relationship between RAAS and endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of ET-1 and TXA2 in fatigue stress group were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), but the content of PGI2 and NO was significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.01). Compared with control group, the renin activity in plasma of animals in fatigue stress group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the AngⅡ, IL -1β, IL -6 level was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01, P<0.01), and was significantly increased compared with the HCY group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). The NE level showed the tendency of decrease in different degree. After the intervention of three kinds of herbs to dredge collaterals, the ET-1, AngⅡ, IL -1β, IL-6 level in plasma was decreased in different degree (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01), and at the same time, the contents of NO and NE level were significantly increased (P<0.05). The ALD level in tongxinluo groups was apparently higher than that in control group and the fatigue stress group (P<0.05). The bioinformatics analysis showed that Ang II and ET, IL-1; PGI2 and ALD; NO and ALD composed of three subsystems and interrelated according to the principle of optimality of complex system, and gradual change regulation was also observed in fatigue stress group. However, in control group, HCY group and tongxinluo group, the same interrelation among subsystems was not existed. CONCLUSION: In a state of long-term excessive fatigue, vascular endothelial dysfunction may be induced, and is related with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system imbalance and serious turbulence of the autonomic dysfunction. Herbs to dredge collaterals could improve it significantly. The results suggest that bearing excessive fatigue and pressure in long-term may be the potential risk factors to induce vascular endothelial dysfunction and further result in cardio-cerebro vascular diseases, Tongluo therapy may be one of the useful ways to prevent such diseases.     

2000—2019年若尔盖高原植被净初级生产力时空动态变化及其与气候因子的关系

基于2000—2019年逐年MODIS–NPP数据和逐月气温、降水数据,采用一元线性回归和偏相关分析等方法,研究了若尔盖高原植被NPP的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明：若尔盖高原植被多年平均NPP为366.55 gC/(m²·a),呈东高西低的态势;2000—2019年植被平均NPP总体上以1.66 gC/(m²·a)的增加速率呈波动上升的趋势,植被NPP呈上升趋势的面积占整个高原面积的95.75%。不同生态系统类型间植被多年平均NPP存在差异,森林生态系统>湿地生态系统>草地生态系统;年际增长速率也有所不同,湿地生态系统>草地生态系统>森林生态系统。若尔盖高原植被NPP与降水量总体上呈现弱的负相关关系,表明降水量并不是影响若尔盖高原植被NPP的主导气候因子;若尔盖高原植被NPP变化主要受气温的影响,气温是若尔盖高原植被NPP变化的主要驱动因子。此外,还发现年均最高温、年均最低温对若尔盖高原植被NPP变化的影响不同,年均最高温对若尔盖高原植被NPP的影响更为显著。