甘薯AFLP分子标记体系建立

AFLP是目前最常用的几种标记之一。本文以甘薯为材料,通过DNA提取、酶切、PCR扩增、凝胶电泳等系列程序摸索和优化,建立了甘薯的AFLP分子标记体系。优化的甘薯AFLP分子标记体系的程序如下:将4μl100ng/μl的甘薯DNA用EcoRⅠ酶、MseⅠ酶各5U进行双酶切,在37℃下酶切3h后再在65℃下酶切3h;然后加入10μl连接混合液在22℃下连接3h后在16℃下连接10h;取连接产物5μl,10μmol/LEcoRⅠ预扩引物和10μmol/LMseⅠ预扩引物各1.5μl,PCR缓冲液25μl,ddH2O17μl进行预扩增;取5μl稀释20倍后的预扩增产物,50ng/μlEcoRⅠ选扩引物和50ng/μlMseⅠ选扩引物各1μl,PCR缓冲液10μl,ddH2O3μl,进行选择性扩增。本研究为甘薯黑斑病和其他真菌性病害的分子标记克隆及抗病育种的辅助选择提供了有力工具。     

Inheritance of tillering and flowering-time in early maturing maize

Summary A diallel cross and F₂ populations derived from eight early maturing maize inbreds were used to investigate the inheritance of tillering and flowering-time (anthesis), and the possible relationship between tillering and flowering-time. Incomplete dominance for increased tillering was observed; potence ratios, representing the overall degree of dominance, ranged from 0.26 to 0.52. Dominance for early flowering ranged from incomplete with a potence ratio of 0.55 to overdominance with a potence ratio of 1.40. Broad-sense heritabilities were low for both characters. The genetic component of variation for tillering was due to general combining ability effects; specific combining ability effects were not significant. A significant negative linear relationship between tillering and flowering-time was found. Lack of independent assortment of tillering and flowering-time in F₂ populations indicated that the two characters are genetically related.     

甘蓝型油菜核不育基因的PCR标记初报

用Ｏｐｅｒｏｎ公司ＯＰＡ－０１－ＯＰＪ－２０ ２００个１０个碱基对随机序列引物对甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育涪优ＡＢ,显性核不育３７ＡＢ,广恢系９８－８０２６,９８－３７４９及Ｆ１材料基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增的结果,共获得１３３４条扩增带,平均每引物扩增带约６．７条扩增带表明油菜存在较为丰富的遗传多样性。引物ＯＰＡ－０５,ＯＰＡ－１２,ＯＰＡ－１３,ＯＰＡ－２０等分别扩增出了大小不同的多态性带,初步认     

水分胁迫下玉米叶片乙烯释放和多胺含量的变化及其与玉米耐旱性的关系

水分胁迫导致玉米叶片乙烯(C2H4)释放和多胺的含量发生变化,轻度和中度胁迫下。玉米叶片的乙烯释放先缓慢增加而后下降,多胺的含量先降后升;重度水分胁迫下,乙烯的释放先是大幅度增加而后迅速下降,多胺则是大幅度下降而后缓慢回升。叶面喷施乙烯合成抑制剂AOAA(Amino oxiacetic acid)时,轻度和中度水分胁迫下,叶片乙烯释放量受到明显抑制,低于对照水平,多胺含量转降为升;重度水分胁迫下,乙烯释放量和多胺的含量均接近对照水平。外源多胺预处理降低了水分胁迫下玉米叶片中叶绿素、DNA和蛋白质含量的下降幅度。乙烯加速了水分胁迫下玉米植株的衰老速率,而多胺则有一个相反的效应。从而可增强玉米的耐旱性。水分胁迫下玉米叶片中存在乙烯和多胺的相互制约关系,多胺可能参与DNA和蛋白质合成的调节。     

玉米几个数量性状生长的遗传分析

用生长分析法和Hayman双列分析法研究了玉米株高、单株叶数、单株叶面积、粒重和籽粒密度生长的遗传。发现,这些性状不同生长阶段净增量、生长速率及其终结值和平均生长速率的加性和显性效应、正负效基因频率、显隐性基因比例、基因群数、广义和狭义遗传力等都具显著差异,表明,支配一性状的同一多基因系统不同生长阶段,而表现亦异,除单株叶数的终结值和籽粒密度的平均生长速率主要受制于加性效应外,所有各性状各阶段净增量和生长速率等的遗传以显性效应更为重要。     

池塘水质特性及其改良方法

水是鱼类及其它养殖生物的生存介质,养殖鱼类和水生生物的发育各个阶段、生活的各个方面,都和水质有着密切的联系。而水质的好坏可以从物理、化学和生物三个方面反映出来。“养鱼先养水”,只有把握住水质的这些特征及其改良方法,才能创造一个更加适宜鱼类生长的生活环境。     

The influence of allogeneic cells on the human T and B cell repertoire

Clinical transplantation is often complicated by rejection episodes, in which the immune system of the recipient reacts to the foreign transplantation (HLA) antigens on the graft. This immune response includes humoral and cellular components. In the first, B lymphocytes form antibodies to the HLA alloantigens. In the second, CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize and react to HLA class I antigens, and CD4+ T cells react to HLA class II antigens. The frequency and severity of these rejection episodes can be diminished by immunosuppressive drugs, HLA matching between donor and recipient, and immune modulation by blood transfusion. Effective HLA matching between donor and recipient is not always possible and often not necessary. Insight into the factors that influence the T and B cell repertoire after blood transfusion might lead to new approaches to improve graft survival.     

同一氮素水平不同NO_3~-/NH_4~+对NRA和GSA的影响

为确定硝态氮和氨态氮的最佳配方,以达到氮肥的最佳调控,试验研究了不同的NO3-/NH4+对甜菜同化关键酶的影响。结果表明,在整个生育期间,同一氮素水平、不同比例的NO3-/NH4+的NRA变化趋势与单一施硝态氮、氨态氮的NRA变化趋势一致,在生育前期较高,而后下降。但不同比例的NO3-/NH4+的NR活力不同,以NO3-/NH4+为3∶1的NR活力最高,而以NO3-/NH4+为0∶4的NR活力最低。在根和叶片中,不同比例的NO3-/NH4+的GS活力变化不同,在叶片中GS活力随NO3-比例增加而增加,但在根中,GS活力则随NH4+的比例增加而增加。     

高产早熟辣椒新品种辣冠3号

为实现辣椒种植高产、高效，选育了早熟、质优、丰产的辣椒新品种辣冠3号。经过多年多点试验示范，辣冠3号表现出植株生长势强、分枝多，连续坐果能力强，果实线形，青熟果绿色，口感品质好等优势；结合良种良法，可实现667 m²产量3 200 kg以上，667 m²产量1.2万元左右，丰产性好，经济效益显著。