玉米部分品质指标的遗传变异研究

利用三重测交法对玉米东农—2号改良群体的12个品质指标进行了遗传变异分析,并对其中10个指标进行了遗传力和遗传进度的分析。结果表明,这些指标的上位效应均不显著,均符合加性—显性遗传模型。容重、胚/胚乳重和清蛋白的加性效应在遗传中起主导作用,选择时应以一般配合力为主要依据;球蛋白和总淀粉的显性效应在遗传中起决定性作用,选择时应以特殊配合力为主要依据;其它各指标的加性效应和显性效应都起着几乎同等重要的作用,在选择时应兼顾二者的综合利用。广义遗传力大小依次为:支链淀粉>清蛋白>谷醇蛋白比>容重>球蛋白>粗脂肪>胚/胚乳重>总淀粉>醇溶蛋白>粗蛋白。狭义遗传力大小依次为:支链淀粉>谷醇蛋白比>球蛋白>总淀粉>粗脂肪>清蛋白>醇溶蛋白>胚/胚乳重>容重>粗蛋白。相对遗传进度大小依次为:谷醇蛋白比>清蛋白>支链淀粉>胚/胚乳重>粗脂肪>球蛋白>醇溶蛋白>总淀粉>容重>粗蛋白。     

水稻紫色叶及两用核不育系雄性不育的遗传分析

在成都生态条件下,选用不育期较长的水稻两用核不育系8902-393S 和 KS-14分别与紫色叶水稻品种马来红和菲律宾紫稻杂交,配制4个组合。观察 F_1、F_2代的叶色与花粉育性表现。结果表明:F_1代均为绿色叶可育杂种;F_2代,绿叶:紫叶为3:1或13:3;可育:不育为15:1或13:3;紫色叶基因与两用核不育基因表现为独立遗传。根据育种目标,在 F_2中选择了一些农艺性状较优良的紫叶核不育株。     

若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区水质评价

用单因子评价指数法对若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区的水质状况进行了分析和评价，以期为该区域湿地生态系统的恢复与保护提供科学依据。结果表明，80％以上的检测项目达到地面水国家I类水质标准，部分项目超标但尚未对保护区生物构成严重威胁。受湿地自然因素的影响，保护区水体的pH值和Fe^2 浓度较高；自然因素和人为因素的共同作用导致保护区水体的CODc，、NH3-N和油等项目超标，湖泊呈富营养化趋势，水体的有机污染较严重。建议采取相应的调控措施如减少人畜生活污水排放并加强其治理、疏通湖泊出入水口以促进水体更新。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因杆状病毒/昆虫细胞表达系统重组质粒的构建

用限制性内切酶从克隆质粒pUC—s中回收猪传染性胃肠炎病毒中国分离株,TH-98株完整的病毒保护性抗原基因,即S基因。按照预定的阅读框架,将S基因克隆于供体质粒pFASTBACHTb的EcoRI、PstI多克隆位点上,并进行酶切鉴定,得到阳性重组质粒BAC—S。用DH10BAC对BAC—S进行转位,获得重组质粒pBAC—S。根据S基因酶切位点分析结果及杆状病毒(Bac-ulovirus)转位区结构特点,用相应的限制性内切酶进行酶切鉴定,并用特异性和通用引物进行PCR分析,证明该重组质粒为含有TH-98株完整S基因的可直接在昆虫细胞进行表达的感染性重组质粒。     

楠竹枯黄(死)与土壤营养关系的研究(Ⅰ)

本文运用通径分析、主成分分析和回归分析方法对长宁县万岭箐楠竹林区土壤理化指标和受害指数的关系进行了研究.结果表明:坡位、非毛管孔隙度、交换性铝和速效磷与受害指数之间存在着密切相关关系,是影响竹林生长的重要因子,楠竹林大面积枯黄(死)是多种逆境因子胁迫的结果,其土壤酸化、竹林结构不合理、营养贫乏是诱发因素,虫害的暴发加快了竹的死亡.     

Seasonal photosynthetic gas exchange and leaf reflectance characteristics of male and female cottonwoods in a riparian woodland

Cottonwoods (Populus spp.) are dioecious phreatophytes of hydrological and ecological importance in riparian woodlands throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In streamside zones of southern Alberta, groundwater and soil water typically decline between May and September. To understand how narrowleaf cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia James) are adapted to this seasonal decrease in water availability, we measured photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence and stable carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) in trees growing in the Oldman River valley of southern Alberta during the 2006 growth season. Accompanying the seasonal recession in river flow, groundwater table depth (Z(gw)) declined by 1.6 m, but neither mean daily light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A(max)) nor stomatal conductance (g(s)) was correlated with this change. Both A(max) and g(s) followed a parabolic seasonal pattern, with July 24 maxima of 15.8 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and 559 mmol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The early summer rise in A(max) was related to an increase in the chlorophyll pool during leaf development. Peak A(max) coincided with the maximum quantum efficiency of Photosystem II (F(v)/F(m)), chlorophyll index (CI) and scaled photochemical reflectance index (sPRI), but occurred one month after maximum volumetric soil water (theta(v)) and minimum Z(gw). In late summer, A(max) decreased by 30-40% from maximum values, in weak correlation with theta(v) (r(2) = 0.50). Groundwater availability limited late-season water stress, so that there was little variation in mean daily transpiration (E). Decreasing leaf nitrogen (% dry mass), CI, F(v)/F(m) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were also consistent with leaf aging effects. There was a strong correlation between A(max) and g(s) (r(2) = 0.89), so that photosynthetic water-use efficiency (WUE; A(max)/E) decreased logarithmically with increasing vapor pressure deficit in both males (r(2) = 0.75) and females (r(2) = 0.95). The male:female ratio was unequal (2:1, chi(2) = 16.5, P < 0.001) at the study site, but we found no significant between-sex differences in photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf reflectance or chlorophyll fluorescence that might explain the unequal ratio. Females tended to display lower NDVI than males (P = 0.07), but mean WUE did not differ significantly between males and females (2.1 +/- 0.2 versus 2.5 +/- 0.2 mmol mol(-1)), and delta(13)C remained in the -28.8 to -29.3 per thousand range throughout the growth season, in both sexes. These results demonstrate changes in photosynthetic and water-use characteristics that collectively enable vigorous growth throughout the season, despite seasonal changes in water supply and demand.     

改进简并PCR法克隆盐生杜氏藻烯醇酶基因

该文针对基因同源性克隆中存在的问题 ,采用改进简并PCR法对盐生杜氏藻具抗逆功能的烯醇酶基因 .改进后的同源引物简并度从 10 0 0倍以上降低至 10 0倍以下 ,利用RT PCR成功地扩增出一条 6 30bp的盐藻cDNA片段 ,该片段与其他物种的烯醇酶基因具有很高的相似性 .在此基础上进行 5’和 3’RACE获得了盐藻烯醇酶基因的全长cDNA ,其长度为 1734bp .序列分析表明 ,该基因与莱茵衣藻烯醇酶基因的相同性达 83% ,相似性达 89% ,且在进化上与莱茵衣藻的亲缘关系最近 .Southern杂交结果显示 ,该基因在盐藻中可能为单一拷贝     

高产早熟辣椒新品种辣冠3号

为实现辣椒种植高产、高效,选育了早熟、质优、丰产的辣椒新品种辣冠3号。经过多年多点试验示范,辣冠3号表现出植株生长势强、分枝多,连续坐果能力强,果实线形,青熟果绿色,口感品质好等优势;结合良种良法,可实现667 m²产量3 200 kg以上,667 m²产量1.2万元左右,丰产性好,经济效益显著。     

葡萄卷叶伴随3型病毒和葡萄A病毒的多重检测及其系统进化分析

 葡萄卷叶伴随3型病毒（Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3,GLRaV-3）和葡萄A病毒（Grapevine virus A,GVA）常常复合侵染部分主栽欧美杂交葡萄品种。以半定量RT-PCR与qRT-PCR方法研究了‘希姆劳特’葡萄（Vitis vinifera L. × V. labrusca L.‘Himrod’）中不同组织内病毒的相对积累量,结果表明叶脉和韧皮部内的病毒相对积累量显著高于其他组织。以成熟枝条韧皮部组织的cDNA为模板,优化了RT-PCR多重扩增体系,可以同时扩增待测样本中两种病毒的目标基因。从一株复合感染GLRaV-3与GVA的‘藤稔’葡萄（Vitis vinifera L. × V. labrusca L.‘Fujiminori’）中,分别克隆了GLRaV-3外壳蛋白（coat protein,CP）基因全长序列和GVA部分基因组区域序列,后者包括CP基因的部分序列与病毒RNA沉默抑制子（viral suppressor of RNA silencing,VSR）基因全长序列。病毒核酸同源性分析与系统进化研究表明,不同GLRaV-3分离物的CP高度保守;而‘藤稔’葡萄的GVA分离物包含多种变异株,具有准种病毒的特点。