饲用油腊的加工技术及应用

本文介绍了近几年在饲料工业生产中不同饲用油脂添加技术应用及研究,重点对常规喷涂技术、真空喷涂技术和固态油脂喷雾干燥技术进行综述、分析,并对饲料中应用的固态油脂生产加工和应用技术进行了展望。     

A pig–human comparative RH map comprising 20 genes on pig chromosome 13q41 that harbours the ETEC F4ac receptor locus

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major cause of diarrhoea in newborn and young pigs. The locus for the intestinal ETEC F4ac receptor (F4acR) has been mapped to pig chromosome (SSC) 13q41 with known homology to human chromosome (HSA) 3q21 and q29. However, the causative gene and mutation(s) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize gene-derived markers on SSC13q41 for fine mapping of the F4acR locus, and construct a high-resolution pig–human comparative map to select positional candidate genes for F4acR. Pig-specific sequence-tagged site markers were developed for 20 genes that are located in a 6.8-Mb region on HSA3q21 and q29, and a total of 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 14 of 20 markers developed. Eighteen markers were mapped to SSC13q41, while the other two markers ( PLXNA1 and KLF15 ) were assigned to SSC13q32 and SSC7q13, respectively, by radiation hybrid mapping. This result showed that there was a small conserved segment on SSC7 corresponding to HSA3q21. A framework map comprising 18 markers on SSC13q41 was established, refining the synteny breakpoint on SSC13q41 to a region of 12.3 centiRay. The comparative radiation hybrid (RH) map revealed three interesting candidate genes for F4acR from the human genome, viz. MUC4 , MUC13 and MUC20 . Linkage analysis with six marker polymorphisms revealed that MUC4 had the most significant linkage with the F4acR locus.     

动物副黏病毒感染与对策思考

尼帕病毒(Ni V)和亨德拉病毒(HeV)属于副黏病毒亚科的亨尼帕病毒属的成员。Ni V和HeV感染引起新的两种重要的人兽共患传染病。有关APMV-1(NDV)的发病和流行以及病原学研究认为APMV-1不断发生演化,新的基因型不断产生,对不同宿主的致病力不断变化,病毒感染的宿主谱不断扩大。本文简要介绍两种新的人兽共患传染病和APMV-1对鹅、鸭、猪的感染研究现状,就APMV-1宿主感染谱与演化加以分析,思考新的动物副黏病毒病防控对策。     

低聚糖对雏鸡大肠粪便NH3-N含量及肠道菌群的影响

试验选取1日龄罗曼蛋公雏250只，随机分为5组，试验组饲料或饮水中分别添加海藻糖(500mg／kg)、海藻胶(600mg／kg)、大豆寡糖(500mg／kg)、圆葱寡糖(500mg/d)。结果表明，四种低聚糖均可促进肠道乳酸菌及双歧杆菌的生长繁殖，对魏氏梭菌的生长呈现抑制作用。海藻糖、海藻胶对降低大肠粪便NH3—N含量效果不显著(P＞0．05)，而大豆寡糖效果显著(P＜0．05)，圆葱寡糖效果极显著(P＜0.01)。     

恒河猴肾上腺皮质的显微与超微结构

应用光镜和透射电镜观察，恒河猴肾上腺皮质可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。其特点是：（1）被膜较发达，有时可伸入球状带将其细胞分隔为团块。（2）球状带有时呈指状指入束状带和网状带，其内可见嗜铬细胞；球状带细胞可分为明、暗2种类型，他们排列成团球状、滤泡状、索状和不规则形。（3）网状带较发达，有的可分为内、外2个区；有时网状带呈刺状伸入束状带；有时网状带细胞可见于被膜下或髓质内。（4）有时部分被膜连同皮质一起呈指状伸入髓质内。（5）皮质细胞均含丰富的溶酶体、线粒体和内质网，但不同部位的细胞所含的脂滴在数量、大小、形态和电子密度等方面存在差异。     

口服补液盐配合其它药物治疗仔猪长途运输应激病

１发病情况山东费县探沂镇碗窑村史某 ,从安徽购进９８头长白仔猪 ,由于天气不好 ,误了运输时间 ,一周才到家 ,运回家后死亡４头 ,途中每天喂两次 ,车上铺厚厚垫草 ,猪多拥挤 ,没有活动余地 ,回家后仔猪虚弱全部发病 ,体温升高 ,拉稀 ,呈水样 ,颜色为黄、灰绿色 ,尿黄。根据临床症状 ,剖检变化 ,以及流行病学初步诊断为长途运输引起的猪伤寒病。２临床症状仔猪精神不振 ,喜卧草垛中 ,寒战 ,全部不食 ,鼻颈无汗 ,眼结膜发红 ,被毛粗乱 ,脱水十分严重 ,体温４０～４１℃ ,脉搏８５次／分 ,呼吸３２次／分 ,腹泻呈黄、灰绿色 ,尿液黄 ,有的肛门…     

牛奶中蛋白质含量的直接电位测定方法研究

在碱性条件下牛奶中的两性氨基酸与甲醛溶液反应,氨基上的两个氢原子被次甲基所取代,失去了氨基的碱性特性,释放出游离的羧基,从而使牛奶的电化学特性发生变化。据此,笔者提出并建立了一种全新的快速测定牛奶中蛋白质含量的直接电位方法。实验研究结果表明,其蛋白质含量的线性测定范围为2.4～3.0%,回收率高达95%以上。该方法具有操作使用简单方便快捷准确等特点,在乳品企业的生产实践中具有一定的推广使用价值。     

动物源性食品中阿托品残留检测研究进展

阿托品(atropine)是兽医临床常用抗胆碱药物,超量及非法使用易造成其在动物源性食品中大量残留,从而影响消费者健康。为减少残留对消费者的危害,探究残留检测方法十分必要。本文从其主要检测方法——分光光度法、高效液相色谱法和仪器联用法入手,简述了各种方法的研究进展并总结出各自的特性。分光光度法灵敏度高、操作简便,可用于基层阿托品残留检测;高效液相色谱法和仪器联用法准确度与灵敏度高,但这两种方法使用仪器较多,对操作人员要求高,在基层检测中受到很大限制。因此,建立更加快速、操作简单、低成本的免疫学方法具有十分重要的意义。     

Oxalate-degrading capacities of lactic acid bacteria in canine feces

In this study, lactic acid bacteria in canine feces were isolated and identified, and their oxalate-degrading capacities were evaluated. The oxalate-degrading capacities were determined for 24 of 47 (51.06%) lactic acid bacteria isolates. Of these, 8 isolates [Leuconostoc mesenteroides (RL75), Lactococcus garvieae (CD2), Lactococcus subsp. lactis (CS21), Enterococcus faecium (CL71 and CL72), and Enterococcus faecalis (CD14, CS62, and CD12)] degraded more than 5% of the oxalate present, while the others degraded less than 5% of the oxalate in vitro. Isolates that degraded more than 5% of the oxalate present were selected for further examination. The oxalate-degrading capacities of individual isolates, a mixture of Enterococcus, a mixture of Lactococcus, and a mixture of the eight isolates were evaluated in media containing different concentrations of glucose (sufficient, insufficient, or no glucose). In comparison with the control medium, all of the individual isolates and mixtures of isolates could degrade oxalate in all three groups (P<0.05). In most cases, the isolates growing in medium with 20 g/L of glucose had higher oxalate-degrading capacities than those growing in medium with 2.5 g/L of glucose or no glucose. The mixture of all isolates showed higher oxalate-degrading capacity than the individual isolates and other mixtures. The oxalate-degrading capacities of the isolates were isolate dependent.     

药物饲料添加剂对环境影响的研究进展

药物残留主要是由于不合理使用药物治疗动物疾病和作为饲料药物添加剂饲喂动物而引起的。饲料添加剂可以改善畜禽健康状况、提高繁殖力和生产性能,并通过调节采食量及提高营养物质和能量的消化率,提高饲料转化率和营养物质的利用效率。因此,饲料添加剂已成为动物生长、繁育和预防疾病等不可缺少的组成部分。但由于使用不当和认识上的偏差,滥用和超标使用药物饲料添加剂的现象十分严重。药物饲料添加剂已是猪肉中药物残留的主要来源。兽药残留也是影响禽肉出口的三个关键风险因子之一。发达国家很早就开始关注兽药残留问题。大多数国家在评价…