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991.
药物饲料添加剂对环境影响的研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
药物残留主要是由于不合理使用药物治疗动物疾病和作为饲料药物添加剂饲喂动物而引起的。饲料添加剂可以改善畜禽健康状况、提高繁殖力和生产性能,并通过调节采食量及提高营养物质和能量的消化率,提高饲料转化率和营养物质的利用效率。因此,饲料添加剂已成为动物生长、繁育和预防疾病等不可缺少的组成部分。但由于使用不当和认识上的偏差,滥用和超标使用药物饲料添加剂的现象十分严重。药物饲料添加剂已是猪肉中药物残留的主要来源。兽药残留也是影响禽肉出口的三个关键风险因子之一。发达国家很早就开始关注兽药残留问题。大多数国家在评价… 相似文献
992.
Hideaki Endo Eiji Takahashi Masataka Murata Hitoshi Ohnuki Huifeng Ren Wakako Tsugawa Koji Sode 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(4):687-694
A wireless biosensor system was developed for the continuous measurement of blood glucose levels in flatfish. The biosensor
was implanted in the interstitial fluid under the scleral surface of the eyeball (EISF) to investigate the relationship between
EISF and blood glucose levels. EISF glucose levels were found to be correlated with those in the blood and to be approximately
the same as blood glucose levels in the range of 7–25 mg dl−1. A needle-type biosensor was prepared for the continuous EISF glucose monitoring in flatfish. A working electrode was constructed
using platinum iridium wire, and glucose oxidase was immobilized to the electrode. The biosensor was inserted into the EISF
of flatfish for sensor implantation. A 650-mV potential (vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied by a wireless potentiostat to the working
electrode for the amperometric glucose measurement. We investigated whether glucose in the EISF can be determined in vivo.
The estimated glucose levels using a one-point calibration method were correlated with actual blood glucose levels. In conclusion,
using a wireless biosensor system, we were able to monitor blood glucose levels in flatfish under free-swimming conditions
for 16 h. 相似文献
993.
Zequn Li Xiaoqiang Xue Huan Yang Mingling Liao Yuzhe Han Zhiqiang Jiang Tongjun Ren 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(3):683-692
This study was performed to determine the optimum dietary carbohydrate (CHO) levels of sea cucumber, based on the parameters of growth, digestive enzymes, digestibility, non‐specific immune enzymes and acute low‐salinity (20 g/L) stress and high‐temperature (30°C) stress tolerance. Diets with eight different CHO (dextrin) levels (32.9, 107.6, 192.5, 257.2, 316.8, 428.0, 482.4 and 572.8 g/kg) were fed to sea cucumber juveniles (0.49 ± 0.01 g) for 60 days. Significant higher amylase activity was observed in sea cucumbers fed diet with CHO ranging between 32.9 and 192.5 g/kg than that of other treatments (p < .05). The sea cucumbers fed with 192.5 g/kg CHO showed significantly higher acid phosphatase activity than the treatments of 482.4 and 572.8 g/kg CHO (p < .05), and significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than other treatments (p < .05, except 257.2 g/kg). The treatments of 428.0–572.8 g/kg were found significantly lower values than other treatments in apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter and crude protein (p < .05). The sea cucumbers fed with 192.5, 257.2 and 316.8 g/kg CHO showed better tolerance to high‐temperature (30°C) and low‐salinity (20 g/L) stress than other treatments. In brief, the optimal dietary CHO level for the growth of juvenile sea cucumber is 177.96 g/kg. However, excessive CHO will inhibit amylase enzyme activity and decrease digestibility, resulting in low growth of sea cucumber. 相似文献
994.
Lidong Shi Yue Zhao Jing Zhou Haojie Zhai Libo Wei Zexuan Liu Wei Wang Zhiqiang Jiang Tongjun Ren Yuzhe Han 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1691-1701
A 56‐day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplementation on growth performance, amino acid profile and heat stress resistance capacity in juvenile Takifugu rubripes (initial body weight: 32.28 ± 0.20 g). Tiger puffer were distributed into five groups and each received one of the following diets: each diet was supplemented with 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3), 20 (T4) or 50 (T5) g Tau/kg, respectively. Growth performances were significantly ameliorated with fed diet T3 (p < .05). The Tau content of muscle increased significantly as dietary Tau increased (p < .05). Compared to the control group, fish fed diets T4 and T5 showed significantly higher concentration of triglyceride and urea, respectively (p < .05), while taurine transporter (TauT) gene and IGF‐1 gene expression increased significantly in fish fed diets T3 and T4, respectively (p < .05). After acute heat stress, HSP70 gene expression levels were significantly greater in the livers and spleens of T. rubripes (p < .05) fed diet supplemented with Tau. Levels of complement C4 were highest in fish fed 10 g/kg Tau (p < .05). These data suggested that dietary supplemented with taurine indicated positive effects on growth performances, amino acid profile and resistance against heat stress for T. rubripes. 相似文献
995.
Yubo Wu Xing Ren Jinhua Zhou Haihan Lin Xiujuan Wang Hengjia Ma 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(2):292-297
An eight‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals/day). Fish (initial body weight of 10.6 ± 0.8 g) were fed to satiation at each feeding. The test diet contained 336 g/kg crude protein and 79 g/kg crude lipid. The weight gain significantly increased with increase in feeding frequency from 0.5 to 3 meals/day (p < 0.05) and afterwards did not change with feeding frequency from 3 to 4 meals/day (p > 0.05). The feed intake increased with increase in feeding frequency (p < 0.05). Fish fed at 3 meals/day exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio and waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus, however, the highest nitrogen retention efficiency (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the phosphorus retention efficiency, the body composition of crude protein, ash and phosphorus among all the feeding frequencies (p > 0.05). The body lipid content increased, whereas the content of moisture decreased, with the increase in feeding frequency (p < 0.05). The present study reveals that the optimum feeding frequency is 3 meals/day for hybrid bream. 相似文献
996.
Mingchun Ren Juyun He Hualiang Liang Ke Ji Xianping Ge Ajun Sun Liangkun Pan Karthik Masagounder 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(3):567-576
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of essential amino acids (EAA) supplementation on the success of dietary protein reduction for Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Five diets were formulated including a positive control (Diet 1, 378.4 g/kg protein), a negative control (Diet 5, 289.8 g/kg protein) and three test diets (Diet 2‐Diet 4, 340.4–299.0 g/kg protein supplemented with EAA). No significant decline of growth performance in fish fed decreased dietary protein with EAA supplementation, which were significantly higher than the negative control. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and most EAAs were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Dietary treatments did not affect whole‐body composition, but influenced protein and EAAs retentions. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion decreased with the decreasing dietary protein, and the highest plasma ammonia content was observed in fish fed Diet 5. Plasma glucose concentration increased with the decreasing dietary protein reduction, while other plasma parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicated that low‐protein diets (299.0 g/kg) supplemented with EAA can maintain protein, EAA digestibility and retention in Jian carp, and also has benefit in the reduction of TAN excretion. 相似文献
997.
We analysed the metabolic rate of large individuals (LIs) and small individuals (SIs) (based on body weight) of 80‐day‐old specimens of Portunus trituberculatus injected with 40 mg/kg florfenicol (FLR). The results showed that FLR contents in the gills and hepatopancreas were higher in the SIs than in the LIs. The activities of erythromycin N‐demethylase and 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase related to cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYP) were induced after FLR injection and showed a size‐dependent pattern; however, no significant difference in aminopyrine N‐demethylase activity was found between the LIs and SIs. The activity of the phase II enzyme glutathione S‐transferase (GST) increased in the hepatopancreas after FLR injection, and it was higher in the SIs than the LIs. Moreover, induction of CYP2, CYP3, GST, ABCB and ABCG was observed in the first 24 hr after FLR injection. FLR caused more biomolecular damage in the SIs than the LIs, displaying an obvious body weight‐ and time‐dependent pattern. In summary, the SIs exhibited faster FLR uptake and slower depuration in this species, and FLR caused more biomolecular damage to the SIs. 相似文献
998.
Ahmed Mokrani Hualiang Liang Ke Ji Hopeson Chisomo Kasiya Qiang Yang Xianping Ge Mingchun Ren Xuezhi Zhu Liangkun Pan Ajun Sun 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(2):557-565
Six diets were formulated to investigate the success of fish meal (FM) replacement by plant proteins; diet 1 reflected a commercial feed (8% FM), diet 3 contained 4% FM, and diet 5 was devoid of FM. Whereas, diet 2, diet 4, and diet 6 reflected diet 1, diet 3, diet 5, respectively, and supplemented with essential amino acid (EAA). At the end of 8‐week trial, there was no significant difference in survival rate. Significantly higher final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were recorded in the group fed diet 2 compared with the other treatments (except diet 4) (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio of fish fed diet 2 was significantly lower than those fed diets 1, 3, and 5 (p < 0.05). The lowest feed intake and highest protein efficiency rate were found in fish fed diet 2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body compositions between treatments. Plasma aspartate transaminases, alanine aminotransferase, and glucose were significantly affected by dietary treatments (p < 0.05), while plasma protein and albumin contents were not influenced by the treatments. The relative expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) (PIK3R1) in fish fed diet 3 (4% FM) were significantly down‐regulated compared with those fed diet 6 for TOR and diets 4 and 6 for PIK3R1 (p < 0.05). Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3) expressions were fluctuated, with the higher levels in fish fed diets 4 and 6. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that plant protein mixture supplemented with EAA could be used to substitute FM in practical diet for Megalobrama amblycephala. 相似文献
999.
A hall for a workshop of metasynthetic engineering (HWME) is constructed based on network services, in which the expert, machinery and knowledge systems are combined with services. This hall is an expansion of the traditional workshop hall. The 相似文献
1000.