基于有限混合模型的山东海域口虾蛄群体体长结构分析

个体大小是渔业资源种群的重要结构特征,一般研究中采用平均个体体长或平均体质量等分析指标,难以充分反应具有多年龄结构和个体生长速度差异的种群组成差异。为研究口虾蛄个体大小组成的时空变化,实验根据山东海域2016年10月和2017年1、5、8月的底拖网调查数据,应用有限混合模型分析了不同性别、不同时间、不同水深口虾蛄个体大小的频率分布特征。结果发现,除秋季外,山东海域口虾蛄均可区分为高、低两个年龄组,同时雌雄体长分布具有一定的差异。从冬季到夏季,雌性口虾蛄中低龄组个体比例先下降后上升,雄性口虾蛄低龄比例则逐渐下降。就不同水深而言,口虾蛄低龄组个体主要集中在近海海域,其比例由近海向远海逐渐减小。各年龄组的近远海分布表现出季节性差异,春季高龄口虾蛄在近海比例最大,由近海向远海比例逐渐减小;夏季高龄组口虾蛄在20～30 m水深比例最大;冬季高龄组口虾蛄比例则由近海向远海逐渐增加。有限混合模型能够较好地对口虾蛄的体长结构进行分析,解析口虾蛄不同年龄组在山东海域的时空分布,对于深入了解口虾蛄种群分布动态和科学的渔业管理具有重要意义。     

基于驾驶意图的无级变速器目标速比确定方

运用模糊数学理论提出一种基于驾驶意图的金属带式无级变速器(CVT)目标速比的确定方法,不需采用传统的经过手动方式选择动力模式或经济模式的方式,即可确定一个在动力和经济模式之间的目标速比.根据基于模糊规则的驾驶意图指数确定的目标速比进行CVT的速比控制,以达到按照驾驶意图来兼顾汽车的动力性和经济性能,从而避免了传统模式选择过程中速比突变导致传动系统的冲击、振动和发动机颤动,且能够根据驾驶员的驾驶意图进行调整,提高了驾驶操纵性.最后根据目标速比控制策略设计了控制器,并通过试验验证了目标速比确定方法的适用性.     

热激法修饰瑞士乳杆菌的参数优化与特性研

采用不同热处理温度(67、70℃)与时间(10、15、20 s)对瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)进行热激修饰,研究处理前后与干酪加工相关的菌体特性.同时对热激修饰条件参数进行优化.研究结果表明,菌体经70℃、10 s热激处理后,菌体存活率、动态产酸能力、蛋白水解能力等指标符合热激要求,经修饰后的菌株适宜作为于酪促熟酶源.采用扫描电镜对细菌表面微观结构的观察结果表明.热激处理使菌体形态、膜表面发生明显改变,菌体表面发生萎缩、褶皱与底端溶解等变化.     

水稻种绳直播机对地表不平度的动态响

为了探索水稻种绳直播机对地表不平度激励的适应性,进行了动态模拟试验.根据样机的结构特点,设计了由角位移传感器、数据采集卡和计算机等构成的地表不平度检测系统.检测了由旋耕形成的原始地表不平度和经过种绳直播机作业后形成的地表不平度,应用Matlab软件对信号进行了时域和频域分析.应用等同法建立了系统的传递函数,分析了系统的动态特性.研究结果表明,由种绳直播机和土壤等构成的土壤-机器系统是一个具有一阶惯性特征的线性系统.系统的响应速度、频带宽度和覆土厚度等性能指标能够满足农业技术要求.     

基于Agent的同类机智能调度算法

研究了目标函数是最小化最大完成时间的同类机调度问题,且作业到达时间可能不同.此问题被证明是NP-hard问题.为此问题构建了一个基于Agent的智能调度算法ABH,使得机器具有一定的智能性,从而实现工厂调度的自动化.给出了用于调度的两类Agent的语义描述,进而给出ABH算法描述.大量随机数据实验结果表明,ABH算法性能明显优越于现有算法,其相对于最优解的平均误差收敛达0.084%.     

温室环境下黄瓜采摘机器人信息获取

研究基于近红外图像的黄瓜果实与茎叶的信息表达方法,有效实现了近色系生物信息的图像识别。分析了黄瓜采摘深度图像信息的特点,通过建立基于灰度相关与极线几何相结合的匹配策略实现了双目视觉下的黄瓜抓取点的立体匹配和三维重建。研究温室环境下不同时间光照强度变化特点,建立了光照分析模型,提高了不同光照条件下的导航线提取的适应性。试验表明机器人视觉系统能有效识别、定位果实的空间位置,定位误差控制在±5mm以内。     

联合收割机割台总成的虚拟装配

研究了基于虚拟现实技术的联合收割机割台总成的虚拟装配.根据产品的装配结构模型,生成了联合收割机割台总成的装配结构树;采用UG建立了割台总成零部件的三维数字模型,导入到数字制造仿真软件,建立了总成各零部件的约束及装配关系,对割台总成进行了虚拟装配.     

Effects of Dietary Vitamin C on Blood Chemistry and Nonspecific Immune Response of Juvenile Red Sea Bream,Pagrus major

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate Na/Ca (AMP‐Na/Ca) on blood chemistry and nonspecific immune response of red sea bream juveniles. Test diets with three levels of AsA (free, 107, and 325 mg/kg diet) were fed to juvenile red sea bream (36.0 ± 1.3 g) two times a day for 3 wk. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma of fish fed AsA‐free diet was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed two other diets. There were no significant differences in serum albumin, total bilirubin, and total serum protein. Glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase in serum of fish fed diets containing 107 and 325 mg of AsA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of fish fed AsA‐free diet. Serum lysozyme activity (LA) of fish fed diets containing 107 and 325 mg of AsA were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed AsA‐free diet. There was no significant difference in mucus LA. The results mentioned above demonstrated that AMP‐Na/Ca is a bioavailable AsA source for red sea bream juveniles. Supplement of more than 107 mg AsA/kg in diets improved blood chemistry and nonspecific immune function of red sea bream juveniles.     

Effects of binder type and binder addition on the growth of juvenile Palaemonetes varians and Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Palaemonidae)

This investigation compared the effects of using two binders of no nutritional value, lignosol and agar, and the binding method, microbinding and microcoating, on the growth of juvenile Atlantic ditch shrimp, Palaemonetes varians, and rockpool prawn, Palaemon elegans. Shrimp were fed one basal diet which varied solely in binder type and method of inclusion (Diet A, with lignosol added by microbinding, Diet B, with agar added by microbinding, and Diet C with lignosol added by microcoating) for a period of 45 days. At the end of the experiment significant differences in the final wet weight were found between shrimps fed Diet A and Diet C and between shrimps fed Diet B and Diet C (P < 0.001), but no significant differences were found between Diet A and Diet B (P > 0.05). These results were verified for both species. Significant differences were found between the linear regression slopes of the three tested diets for P. varians (F _3,411 = 3.41; P < 0.04), and for P. elegans (F _3,431 = 10.51; P < 0.0003). Palaemon elegans grew faster than P. varians and at the end of the experiment significant differences were found between the final wet weight of the two species (F _3,842 = 48.17, P < 0.0001). The growth parameters analysed, weight gain (WG), thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC), and food conversion rate (FCR) were always higher for P. elegans. Results indicate that use of either lignosol or agar, added to the diet by microbinding, is advisable.     

杭州的四季茶会——Ⅰ.春天的敬老茶会

本文主要介绍了杭州四季茶会之春天的敬老茶会,包括茶会的缘起,历年茶会进行回眸,以及敬老茶会的特色。