黔油18号高产综合农艺措施数学模型研究

【目的】为明确影响高原生态区黔油18号油菜产量的关键因子及实现高产高效优化栽培的综合农艺措施。【方法】运用四因素二次回归最优组合设计试验方法,在海拔950~1200m的高原生态区对优良杂交油菜新品种黔油18号的主要栽培措施施氮量、施磷量、施钾量与油菜产量的量化关系进行系统研究,通过建立数学模型的优化与解析,【结果】结果表明,在4因素中,对黔油18号的影响为氮肥>密度>磷肥>钾肥;【结论】要获得≥2493.46kg/hm2的产量,其最佳栽培措施组合是：保持密度13.60~14.50万株/hm2,氮肥291.35~330.00kg/hm2,磷肥92.28~102.2746kg/hm2,钾肥119.20~129.20kg/hm2。     

鱼组织中氟喹诺酮类药的HPCE多残留检测方法的建立

建立了以伊诺沙星为内标,环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、二氟沙星在鱼组织中的毛细管电泳多残留检测方法。研究了缓冲溶液的类型,pH值,有机试剂添加等电泳条件.得到最佳的缓冲溶液是含10 mL/L乙腈的pH 5.0的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液。用C18固相萃取柱浓缩和净化处理,用二极管阵列检测器进行检测(275 nm)。结果,四种药物在组织中的溶度25~400 μg/kg范围内R＞0.999,线性关系良好。环丙沙星,恩诺沙星,沙拉沙星和二氟沙星回收率分别为75.2%,79.7%,80.1%,79.2%。恩诺沙星的检测限低于25 μg/kg,其余的检测限均为25 μg/kg,,方法的日内变异系数小于13.5%,日间变异系数小于12.3%。该方法简单快速,经济环保,适用于大量阳性样本的筛选。     

适宜西瓜检测部位提高近红外光谱糖度预测模型精度

为了提高中国厚皮类瓜果的品质质量和出口能力,增强中国水果品质检测装备制造业的技术实力和技术水平。该文以西瓜为对象,对其糖度进行了试验研究。由于西瓜各部位存在差异,因而不同部位采集近红外光谱会对糖度预测模型精度产生影响。采用自主搭建的西瓜内部品质检测系统对不同批次西瓜瓜梗、瓜脐和赤道3个部位采集漫透射光谱信息,分别采用偏最小二乘回归法(partial least squares regression,PLSR)和最小二乘支持向量机法(least squares support vector machines,LS-SVM)2种方法对西瓜糖度建立预测模型,考察西瓜不同检测部位对西瓜糖度预测模型精度的影响。2种预测模型均显示,赤道部位采集光谱所建立的预测模型检测精度较差,而采用瓜脐部位获取光谱信息建立预测模型略好于瓜梗部位,最佳预测相关系数rpre达到0.823,预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)为0.652%。该研究结果表明,不同部位采集光谱信息对最终的检测模型精度有影响,瓜脐部位为该文西瓜内部品质检测装置的较优采集部位。     

西安市区空气污染指数时空分布特征

基于2010-2012年西安市13个空气自动监测站逐日的监测数据,分析空气污染指数的日、月、季度、年际、采暖期和非采暖期变化,并与秦皇岛等北方城市对比,用探索性空间分析技术ESDA研究污染指数的空间自相关和集聚效应.结果表明：空气污染指数的日变化较大,PM10是西安市区的首要污染物;1月、12月污染指数较大,7月、8月较小;空气污染指数表现为4季度＞1、3季度＞2季度;3年来,PM10污染指数有所降低,主城区SO2、NO2污染指数降低,其他地区增加;采暖期污染指数高于非采暖期,采暖期SO2、NO2和PM10指数分别是非采暖期的2.01～2.75、1.42 ～ 1.82和1.18 ～1.36倍;西安市区空气污染指数有弱的正空间自相关,聚集方式以高高（HH）和低低（LL）聚集为主,低高（LH）和高低（HL）聚集为辅,污染指数高低分化.污染指数均表现为中部高,北部低,南部中等.不同污染物污染指数中心的重叠表明,西安市空气质量受SO2、NO2和PM10的共同影响.     

不同种源厚朴性状变异的初步研究

厚朴不同种源树叶形状从先端急关到裂成2钝圆裂片,存在渐变过程,又有遗传稳定性,大体上可以分为3个类型。不同种源厚朴苗木和幼林高生长、物候期、生长节律都存在明显的差异,差异的变异与树叶形状类型存在显著的相关。幼林高生长估算遗传力达到0．52～0．69,具有中等以上的遗传力。     

Mathematical models to study the kinetics of potassium release from swell-shrink soils of Central India in relation to their mineralogy

Employing four mathematical models (first-order, parabolic-diffusion, Elovich and zero-order), kinetics of potassium desorption from eight soils with and without cropping were studied to evaluate their ability in explaining K release from soils. The decline in the soil test K in cropped soils over original soils was drastic in easily desorbable forms compared to that of strongly held forms like 3 M H₂SO₄ K. Results showed that parabolic diffusion as well as first-order kinetic equation explained the K release data well for both original and K depleted (cropped) soils. Elovich and zero-order equations were not suitable to describe the kinetic data. However, zero-order equation explained K release data better in case of K-depleted soils as compared to original soils. Soils with higher initial K contents registered higher release rate constants. Over the entire period of cropping the range of release rate (b) decreased from 1.26 to 1.53 × 10^?2 to values ranging from 1.12 to 1.30 × 10^?2 h^?1. In contrast, the first-order equation, parabolic diffusion showed higher b values for cropped soils as they represent the diffusion gradient. Mica and its biotite content in both silt and clay fractions showed significant correlation (r) with b values. Similarly with the rate of K release, clay content of soils maintained significant r whereas the silt content did not.     

基于GIS的诸暨市公园绿地可达性研究

利用网络分析法对诸暨市中心城区内公园绿地的可达性进行了研究,借助洛伦兹曲线来表示建筑物的集散程度并与不同出行方式下的公园绿地可达性差异进行了比较.结果表明:①步行方式下,0～5 m in、5～15 min、15～30 min、30～60 min的可达面积比分别为0.23％、1.21％、4.49％、9.74％.车行方式下...     

Aluminum stress stimulates the accumulation of organic acids in root apices of Brachiaria species

Aluminum‐resistant Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk (signalgrass) and closely related, but less resistant Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard cv. Common (ruzigrass) both accumulated high concentrations of aluminum (Al) in roots. Approximately two thirds of the total Al was complexed by soluble low‐molecular‐weight ligands, suggesting that it had been taken up into the symplasm. We therefore investigated whether these species might employ Al‐chelating organic acids for internal detoxification of Al taken up by root apices, the primary site of Al injury. Unlike root apices of other Al‐resistant plant genotypes, which secrete organic‐acid anions to detoxify Al externally, apices of Brachiaria species accumulated organic acids within the tissue. A comparison with whole roots showed that this preference for accumulation (as opposed to secretion) was restricted to apices. Citric acid, and to a lesser extent trans‐aconitic acid, accumulated in a uniform dose‐dependent manner in root apices of both species as their Al content increased under Al‐toxic growth conditions. Their accumulation was accompanied by a stimulation of malate synthesis in Al‐resistant B. decumbens, while it occurred at the expense of malate in Al‐sensitive B. ruziziensis. These data suggest a role of organic acids in the internal detoxification of Al in root apices of both Brachiaria species, presumably contributing to their comparatively high basal level of Al resistance. Yet internal detoxification of Al by organic acids does not appear to be the principal mechanism responsible for the superior resistance of B. decumbens.     

Transformation of α-EXPA1 gene leads to an improved fibre quality in Gossypium hirsutum

The Expansin protein is known for its multifaceted roles in plant growth, especially cell walls. However, very few studies have been done so far to assess the effects of expansin genes on Cotton fibre development. The present study is a successful effort to fill this gap, where the α-EXPA1 gene transformed into a local cotton variety, Gossypium hirsutum, through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation under Gossypium hirsutum Seed coat and Fibre-specific promoter (GhSCFP). The transgenic cotton plants underwent molecular characterization and fibre trait evaluation. Our results indicated that α-EXPA1 showed an up-regulated expression during the transition phase of secondary cell wall synthesis and resulted in improving the fibre parameters, especially micronaire value. Transgenic cotton fibre also showed a finer twisting under the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) as compared to non-transgenic cotton fibre samples. The fibre production is influenced by more than nine thousand genes, and the fibre improvement cannot be just achieved through a single gene transformation. However, α-EXPA1 is one of the potential candidates for cotton fibre research as it significantly improved the cotton fibre.     

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Seven Different Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Cultivars to Drought Stress

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Soybean is an economically important crop used as a vital source of oil, vegetable protein, and other commercial products. Cultivation of soybean fetches...