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51.
Silvia Devars Jos�� Salud Rodr��guez-Zavala Rafael Moreno-S��nchez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):51-57
Toxicity of Hg2+ was determined in two strains of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris: the wild-type (B) and a streptomycin-resistant strain (Smr). Cells were cultured under 12-h dark/12-h light regime or under continuous darkness. In the dark/light cultures, cellular growth was severely diminished in the B strain by Hg2+, whereas only a slight decrease was attained in the Smr strain; Hg2+ also affected the photosynthetic and respiratory activities of the B strain, but not those of Smr strain. Under continuous darkness, cellular growth of both strains was lower than under dark/light cycles, but it was inhibited by Hg2+ to a much lesser extent. Cell culture by 5 days under continuous dark or by 8 days of dark/light cycles resulted in a higher intracellular content of mercury in B strain than in Smr strain. In contrast, in both culture conditions, the fraction of mercury removed from medium by B strain was lower than that attained by Smr strain, whereas the ability to bio-transform (reduce) Hg2+ was two times higher in the mutant strain. The results suggested that Smr strain cells acquired an ability to remove Hg2+ from the medium, which was not associated to accumulation and which conferred protection against mercury. 相似文献
52.
Sergio Hernández-Verdugo Ramón G. Guevara-González Rafael F. Rivera-Bustamante Ken Oyama 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):31-36
Plants collected in thirteen wild populations of Capsicum annuum from Northwest Mexico were tested for resistance to the pepper huasteco begomovirus (formerly subgroup III) (PHV) that is
transmitted by the white fly Bemisia tabaci Genadius. Plants were inoculated using both grafting and biolistic methods. Presence of viral DNA was detected by dot blot
hybridization and densitometry. Populations varied in their resistance to PHV. Plants of only two of the populations either
did not develop disease symptoms or showed very light symptoms after inoculation. In some cases, symptoms appeared several
days after inoculation. In plants of these populations viral DNA was detected by dot-blot hybridization assays but they appear
to be a good source of resistance (symptomless) for use in breeding programmes.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
53.
Gregorio Egea Pedro A. Nortes Rafael Domingo Alain Baille Alejandro Pérez-Pastor María M. González-Real 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(3):445-454
This study assesses the long-term suitability of regulated (RDI) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) implemented over the first six growing seasons of an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchard grown in a semiarid area in SE Spain. Four irrigation treatments were assessed: (i) full irrigation (FI), irrigated to satisfy maximum crop evapotranspiration (100% ETc); (ii) RDI, as FI but receiving 40% ETc during kernel-filling; (iii) mild-to-moderate SDI (SDImm), irrigated at 75–60% ETc over the entire growing season; and (iv) moderate-to-severe SDI (SDIms), irrigated at 60–30% ETc over the whole season. Application of water stress from orchard establishment did not amplify the negative effects of deficit irrigation on almond yield. Irrigation water productivity (IWP) increased proportionally to the mean relative water shortage. SDIms increased IWP by 92.5%, reduced yield by 29% and applied 63% less irrigation water. RDI and SDImm showed similar productive performances, but RDI was more efficient than SDImm to increase fruiting density and production efficiency (PE). We conclude that SDIms appears to be a promising DI option for arid regions with severe water scarcity, whereas for less water-scarce areas RDI and SDImm behaved similarly, except for the ability of RDI to more severely restrict vegetative development while increasing PE. 相似文献
54.
Acevedo Manuel Rubilar Rafael Dumroese R. Kasten Ovalle Juan F. Sandoval Simón Chassin-Trubert Rodrigo 《New Forests》2021,52(1):31-46
New Forests - Achieving successful outplanting of trees on increasingly harsher sites is a global concern. In Chile, for example, new Eucalyptus globulus plantations are being targeted to poorer,... 相似文献
55.
Pretzsch Hans Poschenrieder Werner Uhl Enno Brazaitis Gediminas Makrickiene Ekaterina Calama Rafael 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(5):1295-1296
European Journal of Forest Research - 相似文献
56.
Daniel Moreno-Fernández Isabel Cañellas Rafael Calama Javier Gordo Mariola Sánchez-González 《Annals of Forest Science》2013,70(8):761-768
Context
Edible stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) nut is a forest product which provides the highest incomes to the owners of stone pine forests.Aim
The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of first thinning on growth and cone production in an artificially regenerated stand in order to determine optimum intensity.Methods
A thinning trial was installed in 2004 to compare two thinning regimes (heavy and moderate) and a control treatment. From 2004 to 2012, six inventories of forest attributes were carried out, and the cone crop was harvested annually. We evaluated the effect of thinnings on growth using repeated measures analysis of variance with a mixed model approach. With regards to cone production, we first estimated the probability of finding cones in a tree by applying a generalized mixed model and then estimated cone production by using a mixed model, including climatic variables.Results
We found that thinning had a positive influence on tree diameter increment. Thinning increased the probability of finding cones and cone production. However, significant differences between heavy and moderate thinnings were not found.Conclusion
We recommend early silvicultural treatments in stone pine stands to favor the development of trees and larger edible pine nut production. 相似文献57.
Edival Ângelo Valverde Zauza Lúcio Mauro da Silva Guimarães Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales Samuel Alves dos Santos Rafael Ferreira Alfenas Acelino Couto Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(2):e12806
An outbreak of a new and severe disease was observed in Eucalyptus plantations of Bahia state, Brazil. An Ascomycota fungus has been frequently associated with the main symptoms of the disease namely leaf spot, branch cankers, shoot blight, defoliation, and dieback. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF-1α genes), and pathogenicity test on Eucalyptus plants, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was identified as the causal agent of the disease. Although P. eucalytpi has been known from in Brazil since 1998, this is the first report of it causing severe disease and die-back on Eucalyptus spp. and we also record new symptoms associated with the pathogen. 相似文献
58.
Context
Pinus pinaster Ait. is found in the Iberian Peninsula under Mediterranean and Atlantic conditions. Both climates encounter each other in Galicia (NW Spain), where two bioclimatic regions can be differentiated: coastal and inland. A breeding program was launched in the coastal area, with two breeding and deployment areas delimited.Aims
We analyse plasticity patterns across regions in a coastal breeding population to assess the suitability of current breeding areas and how genetic material will likely respond to future climate.Methods
Total height at ages 3 and 8?years was assessed in 16 trials established along the coast and in inner Galicia. Clustering of environments with similar genotypic performance, family sensitivities to climatic factors and stability analyses were performed.Results
Sizeable genetic variation in plasticity was found among families, and crossover genotype-by-environment interactions were detected within and between regions. It was unfeasible to regionalize Galicia into alternative areas of stable genotypic performance. Only the cold regime was found to noticeably underlie the array of phenotypic responses to changing environmental conditions.Conclusions
Results suggest that previous delimitation in two breeding areas is pointless and indicate reduced effects of a changing climate towards Mediterranean conditions on decreasing population fitness. 相似文献59.
Mark Nelson Sally Silverstone Kelly C. Reiss Patricia Burrowes Rafael Joglar Molly Robertson 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(5):503-516
The impact on tree and amphibian diversity of line-planting of tropical hardwoods—mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla × S. mahagoni) and mahoe (Hibiscus elatus)—was studied in a secondary subtropical wet forest of Puerto Rico. Common coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui) and melodious coqui (E. wightmanae) are the most frequent frog species; forest coqui (E. portoricensis) is less abundant. Although relative abundance means were slightly greater in the undisturbed forest and during the wet season, differences were not statistically significant suggesting that line-planting did not significantly affect amphibian diversity. The line-planted areas had a slightly higher, but not statistically significant diversity, richness, and evenness of tree species than the unplanted forest. Multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) showed statistically significant community composition differences between line-planting and control plot trees (T = ?5.89, A = .86; p < .001). But mean similarity among plots in both the line-planted and control plots was relatively low at less than 50% of shared species, indicating high diversity of vegetation in the overall forest area. Canopy cover by tree species greater than 3 cm in dbh was much higher in the undisturbed forest but this difference may be reduced as the young line-planted hardwoods mature. Forest enrichment through line-planting of valuable timber species in secondary subtropical wet forest does not significantly affect tree diversity. 相似文献
60.
Cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx.) is a very serious disease of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.), which produces premature leaf defoliation and vigor decrease. In two clonal seed orchards of P. avium naturally infected by B. jaapii, spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation of neighbor damage caused by cherry leaf spot impeded proper analysis of the fungus incidence. The iterative spatial analysis (ISA), based on variography and kriging, was successfully used to eliminate the effect of this spatial heterogeneity in analysis of genetic variation in susceptibility to B. jaapii. Significant differences among P. avium clones were found, with moderate to high broad-sense heritability estimates. Genetic by environment interactions, although significant, were not quantitatively important. A strong relationship between leaf spot susceptibility and bud burst was found. However, other factors must be affecting the genetic variation in leaf spot susceptibility, as differences among clones remained highly significant when considering the bud burst as a covariate in the genetic model. 相似文献