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901.
902.
Hewson CJ Dohoo IR Lemke KA 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(4):352-359
A random sample of 652 Canadian veterinarians was surveyed to determine perioperative use of analgesics in dogs and cats following common surgeries. The response rate was 57.8%. With the exception of taildocking in puppies, at least 85% of animals received preincisional analgesics, and 30% to 98.1% received postincisional analgesics. A similar survey was conducted in 1994; since then, analgesic usage has increased markedly, as have ratings of the pain caused by different surgeries. In 2001 most veterinarians (62%) used at least 2 classes of analgesic perioperatively. However, strong opioids, local anesthetics, and alpha-2 agonists were underused, and there was an overreliance on weak opioids (butorphanol, meperidine). Up to 12% of veterinarians did not use any analgesics. Nationally, this may have affected many animals monthly; for example, approximately 6000 dogs or cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Continuing education (provincial level) and review articles were considered effective ways to inform veterinarians about optimal analgesic practices. 相似文献
903.
Attempts were made to identify 900 species of staphylococci or micrococci recovered from samples of bovine milk examined for mastitis pathogens. The presence and identity of haemolysins was recorded together with results of disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity tests. The occurrence of clinical mastitis was also noted and somatic cell counts (SCC) were performed on milk samples which were normal in appearance. Eight hundred and thirty-one coagulase positive staphylococci were obtained, of which 810 were S. aureus and 21 were S. intermedius. Of 65 coagulase negative staphylococci the species of 19 could not be determined by the identification systems used. The remainder were identified as S. hyicus sub sp. hyicus (1), S. hyicus sub sp. chromogenes (19), S. haemolyticus (17), S. hominis (3), S. epidermidis (4), S. capitis (1) and either S. hominis or S. warneri (1). Four other isolates could not clearly be assigned to the genus Staphylococcus or Micrococcus and were designated irregular strains. No micrococci were identified. The presence of alpha, beta, or delta haemolysins occurring singly or in various combinations was identified in 98.3% of coagulase positive staphylococci and in 60% of coagulase negative staphylococci. Epsilon haemolysin was detected in 47.6% of the coagulase negative staphylococci and in 9.5% of S. intermedius. All staphylococci were sensitive to tetracycline (30 microg), novobiocin (1.6 microg), nafcillin (30 microg), methicillin (10 microg) and cephalothin (30 microg) and variable numbers of each species were sensitive to penicillin (2 iu) and streptomycin (10 microg). One non-identified species of coagulase negative staphylococcus was sensitive to erythromycin (0.4 microg) the remaining staphylococci were resistant. Each of the four irregular strains was sensitive to erythromycin and novobiocin. Clinical mastitis was associated with 30.6% of coagulase positive staphylococci, 15.3% of coagulase negative staphylococci, and two of the four irregular strains (50%). Subclinical mastitis as determined by SCC of 500 x 10(3) or greater was associated with 92.7% of coagulase positive and 37.5% of coagulase negative staphylococci. 相似文献
904.
Elizabeth M. Scallan Stacy L. Eckman Caleb D. Coursey Kristine C. Ikels Bradley T. Simon 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(10):1104
This study evaluates the analgesic efficacy of low-dose hydromorphone administered via pharmacopuncture at Governing Vessel 20 (GV20) for postoperative pain management following canine ovariohysterectomy. Fifty clinically healthy female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were allocated to receive hydromorphone [0.1 mg/kg body weight (BW)] intramuscularly (IM, n = 25) or hydromorphone (0.01 mg/kg BW) pharmacopuncture at GV20 (GV, n = 25) following extubation. This was a prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial. Pain and sedation scores were evaluated using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale Short Form (CMPS-SF) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 hours following study treatment. Time of treatment failure (CMPS-SF ≥ 6/24) was recorded and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Patient demographics and duration of surgery and anesthesia were analyzed using the appropriate unpaired Student’s t-test. The Glasgow CMPS-SF and sedation score were analyzed using a repeated measures 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post-test where appropriate. Significance was set a P < 0.05. There were no significant differences in patient demographics, anesthesia and surgery duration, and study treatment failure. The Glasgow CMPS-SF scores were significantly higher for IM compared with GV [2 (0 to 8) versus 1 (0 to 6), respectively; P = 0.044] at 4 hours. Sedation scores were significantly higher for IM compared with GV at 2 [2 (1 to 3) and 1 (1 to 3), respectively; P = 0.0004] and 4 [1 (1 to 3) and 1 (1 to 2), respectively; P = 0.03] hours. Pharmacopuncture with low-dose hydromorphone provided adequate postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy with reduced sedative effects. Pharmacopuncture is a good alternative in dogs when reduced dosing of opioids is recommended. 相似文献
905.
Thymus, spleen, adrenal glands, and small intestine of female mice exposed to aerosolized T-2 mycotoxin were examined at postexposure hours (PEH) 0.25, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24. Lymphocyte necrosis was observed at PEH 1 in the thymus, spleen, and lamina propria and Peyer patches of the small intestine. Necrosis of small intestinal crypt epithelial cells was observed at PEH 2, and necrosis of parenchymal cells and increased number of neutrophils were seen in sinusoids of the adrenal cortex at PEH 4. These results indicated that the earliest microscopic evidence of T-2 mycotoxicosis after aerosol exposure was necrosis of lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen, and lamina propria and Peyer patches of the small intestine. 相似文献
906.
K Bailey D R Gagné R K Pike 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1976,59(1):81-89
The drugs 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine, 1-[1-2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine, 1-(-phenylcyclohexyl) morpholine, and 1-(1-phenyleyclohexyl) pyrrolidine are identified by spectroscopic techniques. The ultraviolet and proton magnetic resonance spectra of analogs are similar, but mass and infrared spectra are distinctly different, and reference spectra are provided. Gas-liquid ant thin layer chromatographic systems for the analysis are discussed. 相似文献
907.
908.
Navegantes LC Machado CR Resano NM Migliorini RH Kettelhut IC 《British poultry science》2003,44(1):149-154
1. The role of beta2-agonist and of cAMP in chick skeletal muscle proteolytic pathways and protein synthesis was investigated using an in vitro preparation that maintains tissue glycogen stores and metabolic activity for several hours. 2. In extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle total proteolysis decreased by 15 to 20% in the presence of equimolar concentrations of epinephrine, clenbuterol, a selective hbetaagonist, or dibutyryl-cAMP. Rates of protein synthesis were not altered by clenbuterol or dibutyryl-cAMP. 3. The decrease in the rate of total protein degradation induced by 10(-5)M clenbuterol was paralleled by a 44% reduction in Ca2+-dependent proteolysis, which was prevented by 10(-5)M ICI 118.551, a selective fbeta2antagonist. 4. No change was observed in the activity of the lysosomal, ATP-dependent, and ATP-independent proteolytic systems. Ca2+-dependent proteolytic activity was also reduced by 58% in the presence of 10(-4)M dibutyryl-cAMP or isobutylmethylxanthine. 5. The data suggest that catecholamines exert an inhibitory control of Ca2+-dependent proteolysis in chick skeletal muscle, probably mediated by fbeta2adrenoceptors, with the participation of a cAMP-dependent pathway. 相似文献
909.
Three groups of anions were distinguished in order of effectiveness with respect to the dispersion and flocculation of soil samples treated with Fe(III) polycations: phosphate and fulvate citrate, oxalate, silicate and tartrate and salicylate, catechol, aspartate, lactate and acetate. This was also the order of the amount of anion adsorbed by the soil. The addition of phosphate and fulvate to soil samples with a net charge of zero lowered the zero point of charge producing particles with a net negative charge. This increased the amount of dispersible clay present from 0 to 9% by weight of soil. The sorption of phosphate and fulvate by soil samples with a net positive charge reduced the zero point of charge and caused flocculation of dispersed clay. Electrophoretic and electron microscopic studies confirmed the dispersion-flocculation phenomena.Treatments which produced dispersed clay led to increased bulk densities, plastic limits and moduli of rupture but lower porosities, water holding capacities and hydraulic conductivities. The sorption of anions on soil samples with a net charge of zero reduced friability. 相似文献