我国农村基本公共服务供给研究文献综述

推进农村基本公共服务建设是缩小城乡差距的重要手段。很多研究者对我国农村基本公共服务供给进行了深入的研究,发现其中存在着许多问题。文章对已有文献进行整理后总结出主要5点,管理体制方面的政府财事权责不清、监督机制缺乏;财政体制中投入总量过低、转移支付不规范等;公共服务供给体系中决策体系有效性缺失、供给主体单一等;城乡二元体制的制约;法治化缺失等。并且梳理了相关的意见和建议,厘清政府职责、增加财政投入、规范转移支付体系、提高服务供给的有效性、完善相关法律制度等。已有的研究形成了对农村基本公共服务供给的较为全面的认识,明确了解决思路,但是也存在不足之处,加强操作层面的研究是今后的主要方向。     

基于随机森林模型的山体滑坡空间预测研究

滑坡灾害空间分布的准确预测是实现防灾减灾的重要途径。以2010年福建省顺昌地区滑坡资料为基础数据,分别应用随机森林模型和逻辑回归模型对福建顺昌地区山体滑坡发生与滑坡因子之间的关系进行实证分析,通过模型变量筛选、模型精度分析,探讨了随机森林模型在我国南方山体滑坡空间预测中的适应性。结果表明:随机森林模型对滑坡发生数据的拟合效果比逻辑回归模型好,其对顺昌地区滑坡发生数据的预测精度为90.8%,而逻辑回归模型的预测精度为81.8%;随机森林模型对研究区滑坡发生的泛化能力比逻辑回归模型好,其预测出高危险区和较高危险区所包含的滑坡比总和为66.05%,而逻辑回归模型为63.34%。研究结果表明随机森林模型的性能优于逻辑回归模型,可用于顺昌地区基于滑坡因子的未来滑坡发生的预测预报。     

农村集体建设用地流转的特征、问题及建议——以重庆市忠县为例

农村集体建设用地流转是实现农村建设用地优化配置的重要途径,是建立城乡统一的土地市场的重要举措。推进农村集体建设用地流转不仅是缓解城市建设用地紧张局面的需要,也是赋予农村建设用地与城市用地“同地、同权、同价”保障其合法权益的需要。文章剖析了研究区农村集体建设用地流转的基本特征,揭示了目前农村集体建设用地流转中存在的主要问题是法律法规冲突大和土地流转市场建设难,并针对问题提出完善农村集体建设用地流转的对策建议。     

砀山梨、苹果烟煤病防治研究

 采用以植物保护剂为主体,调节果树内部营养生理增加抗性为基础,结合农药复配等技术,进行烟煤病的综合防治。     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

Improved protocol for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tomato and production of transgenic plants containing carotenoid biosynthetic gene CsZCD

Improved protocol for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Micro-Tom was developed to use in corporation of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes CsZCD (Crocus zeaxanthin 7,8-cleavage dioxygenase). From these experiment, a transformation methodology using explants from cotyledons cultured for 1 day on the medium with zeatin 2 mg/L, IAA 0.1 mg/L, carefully submerged in the Agrobacterium inoculum for 20 min, then concultured with the agrobacterium for 3 days on the same medium, followed by a transfer to the same medium with 500 mg/L cefotaxin for 3 days and then by a transfer to the same medium with 100 mg/L kanamycin and 500 mg/L carabenillin for 6–8 weeks and resulted in a greater than 20% transformation efficiency in the concentration of Agrobacterium OD600 = 0.2 tested. In this transformation method, no feeder layers were used and the subculture media was minimal. Among the Agrobacterium concentrations of OD600 = 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0, the best transformation efficiency, 20.87%, was obtained by using OD600 = 0.2, which was significantly higher than that of OD600 = 1.0. The presence of the inserted target genes was checked using a rapid and efficient PCR test. The protocol was successfully employed in the production of transgenic Micro-Tom tomato containing the carotenoid biosynthesis CsZCD under constructive promoter. This procedure represents a simple, efficient and general means of transforming tomato.     

鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局沿水分梯度的变化

为揭示鄱阳湖湿地苔草群落的构建机制,选择灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)群落作为研究对象,通过设立3条样带调查不同水分梯度的群落物种多度,选用断棍模型(BSM)、生态位优先占领模型(NPM)、优势优先模型(DPM)、随机分配模型(RAM)和生态位重叠模型(ONM)5个生态位模型对群落种-多度关系进行拟合,结果表明,1)灰化苔草群落可按土壤水分划分为高湿度、中湿度和低湿度3组,分别对应从湖边、湿地中间和湿地边缘的梯度分布;2)从高到低的水分梯度上,灰化苔草群落的物种数先增加后降低,优势种多度逐渐增加,物种多度分布曲线由相对平缓变为陡峭;3)高湿度灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局的最佳拟合模型为BSM,中、低湿度的理想模型转变为NPM。研究认为,水分条件的变化是灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局改变的主因,随着水分梯度降低,群落构建的生态学过程由随机生态位变为生态位优先占领。研究为鄱阳湖湿地多样性保育和生态功能管理提供了理论参考。     

衍生化气相色谱法检测瘤胃液和青贮液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸

利用手性衍生化试剂L-薄荷醇和气相色谱柱前衍生化,将瘤胃液和青贮液中L-和D-乳酸对映体转化为酯类非对映体对,建立同时分析发酵液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸的气相色谱检测方法。样品乳酸对映体的质量浓度在0.05~10.00 mg/mL范围内时,标准曲线的决定系数分别达到R2=0.999 5和R2=0.999 6。乳酸对映体的回收率为96.15%~108.24%,且相对标准偏差小于5%。采用本方法检测瘤胃液和青贮液样品的L-和D-乳酸对映体含量,并且与酶学检测法进行比较,2种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。发酵液中挥发酸经衍生化处理,可以与L-和D-乳酸对映体在同一色谱条件下检测,各组分在0.05~5.00 mg/mL范围内线性良好,R2=0.998 2~0.999 4。乳酸对映体和挥发酸的色谱分析在6 min完成。     

青枣滚动划痕原理与计算

本文概述了金丝蜜枣加工中青枣划痕工艺存在的问题,提出了青枣滚动划痕原理。解决了青枣划痕时要求深浅一致、宽度均匀、不重划、不漏划和连续加工等问题,又使同一划痕器对枣的直径适应范围可以从最小到最大,同时建立了青枣滚动划痕的数学模型及滚动划痕器的设计计算方法。     

车用汽油机缸内直喷技术的研究现状与展望

从汽油机的混合气形成与调节、燃油喷射、燃烧系统3方面对车用汽油机缸内直接喷射技术的发展及新技术进行了概述。车用汽油机缸内直接喷射技术有很大的发展潜力，将得到更大发展并取代目前的进气道直接喷射方式。通过对排放、积炭、催化器及燃油喷射系统等问题的分析和探讨，提出了缸内直接喷射式汽油机进一步发展的方向和建议。