山东寿光冬季日光温室内温度变化特征及低温预报

为了提高设施农业气象服务水平,减轻气象灾害对日光温室蔬菜生产的影响,利用2008-2011年冬季日光温室内外气象观测资料,采用相关及逐步回归分析方法,对冬季日光温室内温度变化特征及最低气温预报模型进行分析研究。结果表明,晴天和多云天气下日光温室内的气温有明显的日变化,且晴天状况下温度变化幅度要大于多云天气;连阴天时日光温室内气温较低,严重影响植物正常生长发育。日光温室内最低气温与室外气温及室内湿度、气温、地温相关性较好。试验建立了日光温室内最低气温预报模型,利用最新资料对模型进行预报检验,不同天气状况下日光温室内最低气温预报值平均绝对误差小于1℃,平均相对误差低于10%。     

非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下边坡可靠度上限

传统边坡可靠度分析往往在岩土参数服从线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称线性M-C）破坏准则的假设条件下进行,并且常常采用极限平衡法或有限元法计算安全系数。然而,岩土介质破坏准则具有一定的非线性。为能更加实际地描述岩土破坏机理和得到严格精确的解,基于非线性Mohr-Coulomb（简称非线性M-C）破坏准则,结合极限分析上限法和蒙特卡洛法,进行边坡可靠度上限分析。当非线性参数m=1时,与等效的线性M-C破坏准则进行对比计算,验证了方法的可行性。同时,将初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数作为随机变量且服从截断正态分布,进行了参数变异性和敏感性影响分析。研究表明：非线性M-C破坏准则下,边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力、内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）和非线性参数变异性的增大而减小;边坡可靠度随初始粘聚力和内摩擦角arctan（c₀/σ_t）的增大而增大,随非线性参数的增大而减小。     

Fine mapping of a day‐length‐sensitive dwarf gene in rice

Dwarf mutants are valuable and crucial resources for genetic research and crop breeding programme in rice. In this study, we identified a dwarf mutant derive from tissue culture, which exhibited a delayed heading date and dwarfism under long‐day growth conditions, suggesting the heading date of dwarf mutant was sensitive to day length. Based on 2000 F₂ mutant‐like individuals from the cross of the mutant and a Japonica var. ‘IRAT129’, the dwarf gene was finally narrowed into a 512‐kb region near the centromere on chromosome 9. According to the sequence analysis of a delimited region, 21 genes had base alternations either in promoters (15 SNPs) or in coding regions (6 InDels) among 73 annotated genes, and five genes were confirmed sequence alternations resulting from their expression mainly in the vegetative organs. Given to the RNAi plants of the five genes incapable to mimic dwarf and late heading date phenotype, the candidate gene remains to be identified by other genetic or molecular methods. Therefore, all these results give us informative foundation for the day‐length‐sensitive dwarf gene isolation.     

闽产柑橘果肉中氨基酸组成及营养评价

应用模糊识别法和氨基酸比值系数法,分别以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对9种柑橘果肉（鲜品）蛋白质营养价值进行了全面评价。结果表明：冰糖橙、茂谷柑和永春芦柑果肉蛋白质中氨基酸总量最高,为720.82～782.22mg/g。柑橘果肉蛋白中的氨基酸种类齐全,尤其是赖氨酸的含量占必需氨基酸总量的26%～35%;天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸的量占总量的56%以上。柑橘果肉蛋白中第一限制氨基酸是胱氨酸＋蛋氨酸,并测定出鲜果肉中丰富的牛磺酸和γ-氨基丁酸,是食用价值很高的优质水果。     

红景天植物化学成分及资源利用研究进展

对资源植物红景天的化学成分、资源利用以及产品开发研究进展进行概述,并对红景天属植物开发利用过程中出现的问题、相应对策以及今后研究发展的方向进行了讨论。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速检测原料公干鱼中的镉

旨在建立一种基于X射线荧光光谱法快速检测原料公干鱼(原料鱼)中镉的方法。应用X射线荧光光谱法快速检测原料鱼初始样及干燥样中的镉含量,对快速检测与标准检测结果的相关性进行了分析;考察了对原料鱼进行快速干燥处理的可行性;采用原料鱼的标准测定值对X射线荧光光谱仪进行校正后,考察了快速检测方法的精密度、检测限、准确度等性能参数。结果表明:X射线荧光光谱法能准确测定原料鱼干燥样中的镉,检测限达0.088 mg/kg,线性范围为0.088~1.286 mg/kg,相对标准偏差低于10%。该快速检测方法测定单个样品只需40 min左右,可满足现场对原料鱼中镉的快速测定要求,为防控原料鱼食品中镉超标风险提供了一种高效的筛查手段。     

Genetic analysis of a novel dominant rice dwarf mutant 986083D

This study was to determine the agronomic and genetic characteristics of a novel rice dominant dwarf mutant 986083D (japonica) and its potential in breeding. 986083D derived from the anther culture of an autotetraploid indica/japonica hybrid and its progeny segregated into normal and dwarf plants. Homozygous and heterozygous 986083D plants looked similar phenotypically, showing shortened stature, erect leaves, more tillers and poor fertility. The segregation ratio of dwarf to normal plants fit the expected 3:1 by χ²-test in 77 out of 88 tested lines. Crosses between homozygous 986083D and eight other rice varieties had uniform semi-dwarf F₁ plants. The F₁ plants from crosses between heterozygous 986083D and five other varieties had normal and semi-dwarf plants close to the expected ratio of 1:1. The reduction of plant height in F₁ plants ranged from 40.0 to 53.5% in a subtropical environment and from 37.5 to 48.2% in a temperate environment. 986083D showed moderate sensitivity to exogenously applied GA₃ in terms of elongation of shoots and induction of α-amylase activity in the endosperm. Linkage analysis showed that the dominant dwarf gene (designated as Dx) in 986083D was not allelic to D53. Dx was roughly mapped to the short arm of chromosome 8. All results showed that 986083D was a novel mutant controlled by single dominant gene, providing a valuable material in rice breeding. Ruizhen Qin, Yang Qiu contributed equally to this work.     

千岛湖水环境综合评价、预测及防治对策

依据千岛湖水质的实际监测资料,采用计算承栽率的方法对千岛湖水质情况进行分析,采用基于熵技术的灰色综合评价法及Borda评分法对千岛湖各监测站水质进行综合评价,采用GM（1,1）对近5年的水质变化趋势进行分析以及对未来5年内水质进行预测。结果表明,千岛湖水质除了总氮常年超标外．其余指标均达到国家“二类水”标准,大坝水域、三潭岛及姥山附近水质最好,街口附近水域水质最差．近5年水质变化趋势较稳定。最后提出千岛湖流域水环境防治的主要措施和建议,可以进一步降低污染物水平．保障其综合效益的发挥。     

施肥方式和施氮量对寒地水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用的影响

为提高寒地水稻氮肥利用率,采用盆栽试验,比较了施肥方式、施氮量及二者互作对寒地水稻产量、品质、干物质生产、净光合速率（P_n）和氮肥利用率等指标的影响。结果表明,侧深施肥（S2）和点深施肥（S3）分蘖期和灌浆期地上干物质积累量、叶面积和根部性状多优于全层施肥（S1）,齐穗期功能叶相对叶绿素含量和灌浆期P_n低于S1处理。S2处理直链淀粉含量极显著低于S1处理;S3处理糙米率、精米率和蛋白质含量显著或极显著低于S1处理,直链淀粉含量和食味值极显著高于S1处理。S2处理氮肥生理利用率高于S1处理37.63%,S3处理氮肥吸收利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力分别高于S1处理20.14%、67.57%和13.08%。与常规施氮处理相比,减氮15%处理的千粒重、分蘖期和灌浆期地上部干物质积累量、分蘖期叶面积、分蘖期和灌浆期功能叶P_n均显著降低。本试验条件下,点深施肥方式配合减氮15%为兼顾产量、品质和肥料利用率的最优组合。     

不同栽培模式下水稻各生育期光合生理指标的比较研究

为明确膜下滴灌与常规水作栽培的光合生理差异。通过对膜下滴灌和淹灌2种栽培模式下,4个水稻品系(T-04、T-43、T-66、T-69)在分蘖、孕穗、抽穗、乳熟、蜡熟期倒一叶的光合色素含量、光合-叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质含量等光合生理指标的测定分析。结果表明:滴灌模式下,4个参试材料在5个关键生育期的蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、光合速率(Pn)均低于淹灌,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)总体上略低于淹灌,大部分时期差异不显著(P0.05);叶绿素荧光参数、光系统Ⅱ有效量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、最大荧光(Fm)、暗适应光系统Ⅱ最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)总体上低于淹灌,大部分时期差异不显著,最小荧光(Fo)高于淹灌,荧光淬灭系数(q P、NPQ)在2种栽培模式下差异不大,叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性总体上低于淹灌,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在2种栽培模式下差异不显著,丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量总体上高于淹灌,可溶性蛋白(SP)含量总体上低于淹灌,可溶性糖(SS)含量差异不显著。水稻膜下滴灌栽培整个生育期均无水层覆盖,可能受到水分胁迫,导致其整个生育期大部分光合生理指标均低于淹灌。