Molecular divergence and application of the ITS-5.8S rDNA and RUBISCO spacer in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyra haitanensis</Emphasis> Chang et Zheng (Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

To select a reliable and sensitive method for discriminating strains of Porphyra haitanensis, the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 to internal transcribed spacer 2 regions (ITS-5.8S) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the intergenic spacer region of RUBISCO were compared in five wild and five cultivated Porphyra haitanensis strains. Based on molecular analyses, sequences of ITS-5.8S (about 1,210 bp) could be divided into three regions: ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of each strain differed, even between individuals collected from the same site. In contrast, 5.8S rDNA and RUBISCO spacer sequences were identical among the ten P. haitanensis strains, although differences were found among different Porphyra species. Phylogenetic analysis also supported these conclusions. These sequence features of highly conserved regions and diversified regions that occurred repeatedly in ITS-5.8S could be useful in discriminating germplasm of P. haitanensis strains or Porphyra species. In contrast, the RUBISCO spacer is only suitable for identifying Porphyra species. New coupled primers were designed to amplify only the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 region of Porphyra. The sequences of these amplified fragments can be readily used to identify germplasm or to perform phylogenetic analysis of Porphyra spp.     

Efficiency of methods applied for goat estrous synchronization in subtropical monsoonal climate zone of Southwest China

Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1, a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF_2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF_2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively.     

农药复合配制使用效果

介绍农药复合配制的方法,并进行药效试验,为推广使用提供依据.     

浅析计算机网络安全

计算机网络技术应用越来越广泛，网络的安全性和可靠性也已成为不同使用层次用户共同关心的问题。本文从森工企业网络应用的现状和管理方面就网络安全的重要性、理论基础、具备功能以及解决措施等方面进行了简单阐述，并强调指出森工企业在网络安全方面应增强防范意识。     

柳树辽宁壳多胞菌溃疡病的研究

柳树辽宁壳多胞菌溃疡病系我国新发生的一种柳树溃疡病,〔1〕病原菌经鉴定为一新种,定名为辽宁壳多胞菌StagonosporaliaoningensisZ.K.ZhongetZ.W.Yuan。〔2〕本病于4月下旬发病,5月中下旬分生孢子成熟,6月中下旬为孢子飞散和发病高峰期。病原菌以菌丝体在侵染枝干表皮下越冬,为翌年4月发病的初侵染源。     

有风险投资与无风险投资组合的研究

本研究通过引入单位风险的概念，并结合有效边界上的单位风险极小点，给出了各种情况下有风险投资和无风险投资的最优组合方案。     

土壤条件对伽师瓜品质和产量关系研究

“伽师瓜”是新疆优质甜瓜之一,属于晚熟品种,肉厚而脆,色美味佳,含糖量一般在13度以上,耐运输,耐贮藏,商品性好,目前已畅销香港、上海、北京、东北等地,享有很高的声誉。为进一步提高和巩固伽师瓜的品质和声誉,从1987年起,我们与喀什地区科委,伽师县科委等有关单位合作,在伽师县主要产瓜区之一的三乡进行了“土壤环境条件与伽师瓜品质产量关系研究”工作,目的是摸清土壤环境条件,进行瓜果土壤评价和潜力研究,总结甜瓜种植中的选土培肥和优质高产经验,以及配套的裁培技术措施,现将试验研究初步结果简介如下:     

大草蛉生物学特性研究

大草蛉(Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmaer)在湖北省以预蛹越冬,全年可完成4—5个世代。雌虫1次交尾可终生产受精卵,单雌平均产卵量在800粒左右,最多可达1234粒。幼虫可捕食粮、棉多种害虫。成虫和幼虫均嗜食多种蚜虫。成虫有趋光性。温度对卵孵化率、幼虫和蛹的存活率以及成虫寿命有较大影响,最适温度在25—30℃之间,卵在35℃恒温条件下不能孵化。各虫态发育的起点温度和有效积温分别是:卵期为8.17℃和63.21日度;一龄幼虫为12.99℃和37.80日度;二龄幼虫为10.83℃和39.17日度;三龄幼虫为9.35℃和60.23日度;蛹期为9.23℃和215.47日度。幼虫随着龄期的增长,抗寒能力加强。草蛉黑卵蜂(Telenomus aorobates)是抑制大草蛉种群数量的主要天敌。     

两种松梢斑螟的重要天敌—长距茧蜂

微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella和果梢斑螟D. pryeri是我国马尾松、油松、黄山松和华山松等松树的重要钻梢蛀果害虫,引起梢枯干折,树冠畸形,果空籽瘪,严重影响松树的生长和成材,并造成种子园种子产量歉收。林间害虫种群观测和室内害虫饲育发现长距茧蜂Macrocentrus sp.(膜翅目、茧蜂科Bracodidae)是这两种松梢斑螟的重要寄生昆虫,种群数量较多,繁殖较强。该蜂幼虫寄生两种松梢斑螟幼虫体内。林间,微红梢斑螟越冬代幼虫寄生率为9.2％;果梢斑螟第一代幼虫寄生率为7.8％。在两种松梢斑螟幼虫种群数量增长中,该蜂起重要的制约作用。