作物茎秆膨胀收缩监测柔性可穿戴传感器研制与试验

作物茎秆膨胀和收缩变化与其水分状态密切相关,实时监测茎秆的膨胀和收缩变化能够及时掌握作物水分状态,对指导灌溉、提高农业水资源利用率具有重要意义。目前,对于作物茎秆膨胀和收缩变化的监测主要采用基于线性微位移测量原理的传感器,通过测量茎秆的膨胀和收缩引起的位移变化来反映水分状态,存在体积大、价格高、安装不便等问题。为此,该研究提出了一种基于压阻效应的柔性可穿戴传感器,采用柔性压力电极作为传感元件,贴附在作物茎秆表面,通过监测茎秆膨胀和收缩引起的压力变化来反映作物的水分状态,压力检测电路和数据采集电路将作物茎秆的压力信号转换成电信号进行输出和存储。首先在实验室环境下对传感器性能进行测试和标定,然后在温室环境下将传感器安装在番茄茎秆上观测番茄茎秆的压力变化,并与线性微位移传感器观测结果进行比较,最后在充分灌溉和水分亏缺2种条件下观测番茄茎秆的膨胀和收缩变化。结果表明,柔性压力传感器稳定性测试的平均相对变化率为0.109%;弯折前后引起的输出变化非常小,可以忽略不计;标定结果的决定系数大于0.99,最合适的工作压力范围为2～100 kPa;实验室环境下,柔性压力传感器与线性微位移传感器输出值之间的决定系数为0.9551;温室环境下,充分灌溉组中柔性压力传感器与线性微位移传感器输出值变化趋势一致,两者之间的决定系数为0.7672,亏缺灌溉组中两类传感器输出值均因水分亏缺而呈现下降趋势,输出值之间的决定系数为0.8519。本文所设计的柔性可穿戴压力传感器不仅能够实时监测番茄茎秆的膨胀和收缩变化,还可以对番茄亏水胁迫进行诊断,为实现高效节水灌溉提供重要的技术支撑。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

羟基磷灰石及其复合材料在骨组织工程中的研究进展

羟基磷灰石作为生物陶瓷材料广泛应用于硬组织损伤修复.纳米级羟基磷灰石既具有纳米材料的特性,又具羟基磷灰石本身的特性,适于骨组织工程支架材料的构建.本文综述了羟基磷灰石与胶原、聚乳酸、壳聚糖及丝素蛋白复合材料的性能和国内外相关研究成果,并简述了组织工程材料的发展趋势.     

电气工程及其自动化的发展研究

科学技术是第一生产力.近年来,我国投入科研方面的人力、物力、财力在不断增加,各个行业和领域的科学技术都有了迅猛发展,开始逐渐向世界先进技术靠拢.     

特早熟桃早春蕾选育研究

早春蕾桃属于早熟桃的全株变异。该品种树势健壮,花芽着生部位低,以中长果枝结果为主;幼树早果丰产性能好,果实的主要经济性状均优于春蕾桃,并且具有良好的遗传稳定性和较强的适应性和抗逆性,是目前成熟期最早的桃树优良品种,并于１９９９年３月,通过了山东省品种审定委员会审定。     

保护性耕作食用向日葵田间杂草防除试验结果

食用向日葵田间杂草防除试验结果表明,在保护性耕作条件下施用化学除草剂防除效果不如人工除草 传统耕作,但由于保护性耕作提高了土壤的保肥保墒作用,降低了用工成本,向日葵产量和产值比人工除草 传统耕作分别提高了12.34%、39.54%.     

Functional CpG methylation system in a social insect

DNA methylation systems are well characterized in vertebrates, but methylation in Drosophila melanogaster and other invertebrates remains controversial. Using the recently sequenced honey bee genome, we present a bioinformatic, molecular, and biochemical characterization of a functional DNA methylation system in an insect. We report on catalytically active orthologs of the vertebrate DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a and b, two isoforms that contain a methyl-DNA binding domain, genomic 5-methyl-deoxycytosine, and CpG-methylated genes. The honey bee provides an opportunity to study the roles of methylation in social contexts.     

不同品种无核葡萄在贮藏过程中品质及生理变化研究

以"无核白"、"费雷无核"、"克瑞森无核"3个无核葡萄品种为试材,研究了在保鲜剂处理后低温(-1～0℃)贮藏期间各品种果实品质及生理变化情况,以期筛选出耐贮品种。结果表明:"克瑞森无核"在整个贮藏过程中好果率下降幅度、失重率和果梗褐变指数上升幅度显著低于其它2个品种,品质生理指标和生理代谢变化小,表现出良好的耐贮性,适合长期贮藏。     

探寻图书馆员职业忠诚度

探讨了图书馆事业的发展需要图书馆员对职业的忠诚及馆员对职业忠诚的体现,分析了馆员忠诚度缺失的原因,提出了提高图书馆员职业忠诚度的途径,从而使图书馆事业获得可持续发展。