规模猪场仔猪腹泻原因及防治

仔猪腹泻是规模猪场多发疾病．是造成猪只死亡率重要原因。其病因多种多样,治疗难度大、费用高。仔猪愈后生长增重慢,采取有效措施控制仔猪腹泻是猪场疫病防治的重要工作。     

丝胶溶解条件、组分及结构特性的研究

探讨了H_2O、1％SDS高温极短时间抽提丝胶和LiBr、NaSCN、CaCl_2浓溶液溶解丝胶对丝胶的破坏性。用SDS—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了丝胶的肽链组分和分子量,归纳出丝胶含有约25种肽链,它们的分子量约从14000到256000。指出丝胶分子中含有两条肽链通过二硫键连结的结构。     

微量元素硒的类胰岛素作用研究进展

近年来随着硒与糖尿病关系研究的不断深入,人们发现硒在促进细胞对葡萄糖的摄入、糖代谢以及信号传导等方面都具有类胰岛素作用,但其有效剂量接近于毒性剂量,故出于安全性的考虑并不适用于人体。作者在对硒的类胰岛素作用研究进行综述的基础上,深入探讨了硒在糖代谢中的调控机制,为利用硒调控畜禽应激状态下的糖代谢紊乱提供参考。     

欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统及启示

快速有效的食品预警系统在应对食品消费安全挑战中具有重要作用。欧盟的食品和饲料快速预警系统涉及范围广泛,反应迅速,实现了信息的综合利用,有效地保证了食品和饲料的消费健康。我国的食品安全预警系统是近些年才出现的。目前,我国还缺少一套快速有效、覆盖面广的预警机制。在建立我们自己预警机制时,应借鉴欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统的有益之处,加强对整个食物链综合管理,强调系统性与协调性,将风险的概念引入管理领域,同时依法建立科学分析与信息交流咨询体系,提高信息搜集的客观性、准确性,保证决策程序的透明性、有效性。     

鸭IFIT5基因(544G>A)多态性与部分免疫指标的关联分析

探索IFIT5基因作为抗性性状的候选标记的可能性,为家禽抗病育种提供一些参考依据。以樱桃谷北京鸭、苏牧麻鸭(樱桃谷鸭×金定鸭)、金定鸭、白羽番鸭为试验材料,利用DNA直接测序技术扫描IFIT5基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP),并分析其与部分免疫指标的关联性。结果表明:仅在IFIT5基因外显子2上检测到一个错义突变(G544A),产生2种等位基因,2种基因型(GG、GA),未发现有AA基因型。经χ2检验,4个鸭群体只有金定鸭和苏牧麻鸭处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。关联分析结果显示:樱桃谷鸭体内H5含量GG型显著高于GA型(P0.05),而Ig M含量GG型显著低于GA型(P0.05),其余免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05);苏牧麻鸭体内H5含量GG型极显著高于GA型(P0.01),其余免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05);金定鸭不同基因型各免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。白羽番鸭在+544位点均为GG纯合基因型。由此可以看出,IFIT5(544GA)可作为樱桃谷鸭体内H5含量的候选分子标记。     

家鸡(Gallus domesticus)和鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)染色体核型及G带比较分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和胰酶处理法，对家鸡和鹌鹑染色体的核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明，家鸡和鹌鹑染色体数目均为2n=78，但染色体的形态存在明显差异，主要表现在NO．1、NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体上。NO．1染色体，家鸡为m型，而鹌鹑为sm型；NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体，家鸡分别为sm、sm、m、m型，而鹌鹑全为t型。G带分析结果显示，家鸡和鹌鹑的G带差异主要反映在NO．1、NO．2染色体上，这可能是由于臂间倒位所致。     

Mapping Total Vegetation Cover Across Western Rangelands With Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Data

Remotely sensed observations of rangelands provide a synoptic view of vegetation condition unavailable from other means. Multiple satellite platforms in operation today (e.g. Landsat, moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer [MODIS]) offer opportunities for regional monitoring of rangelands. However, the spatial and temporal variability of rangelands pose challenges to consistent and accurate mapping of vegetation condition. For instance, soil properties can have a large impact on the reflectance registered at the satellite sensor. Additionally, senescent vegetation, which is often abundant on rangeland, is dynamic and its physical and photochemical properties can change rapidly along with moisture availability. Remote sensing has been successfully used to map local rangeland conditions. However, regional and frequently updated maps of vegetation cover in rangelands are not currently available. In this research, we compare ground measurements of total vegetation cover, including both green and senescent cover, to reflectance observed by the satellite and develop a robust method for estimating total vegetation canopy cover over diverse regions of the western United States. We test the effects of scaling from ground observations up to the Landsat 30-m scale, then to the MODIS 500-m scale, and quantify sources of noise. The soil-adjusted total vegetation index (SATVI) captures 55% of the variability in ground measured total vegetation cover from diverse sites in New Mexico, Arizona, Wyoming, and Nevada. Scaling from the Landsat to MODIS scale introduces noise and loss of spatial detail, but offers inexpensive and frequent observations and the ability to track trends in cover over large regions.     

Cryptosporidium spp. in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Henan, China: molecular characterization and public health significance

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in scale quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) farms in Henan Province, China between September 2006 and August 2007. One thousand eight hundred and eighteen fecal samples from 47 quail farms in five areas were collected for the examination of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 13.1% (95% CI 13.1±1.6%) (29 of 47 farms), with 72-100-day-old quails having the highest prevalence (23.6%, 95% CI 23.6±2.6%) (χ(2)=64.91; ρ<0.01). The highest prevalence was observed in autumn (21.8%, 95% CI 21.8±3.1%) and the lowest in winter (χ(2)=74.83; ρ<0.01). Two hundred and thirty-nine Cryptosporidium-positive samples were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, and 42 were further analyzed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, Cryptosporidium baileyi in 237 birds on 29 farms, and potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium meleagridis in only two birds on two farms. These findings may suggest that quails are not a major source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in the study area.     

上海市一起蛋鸡心包积水-肝炎综合征的紧急流行病学调查

2016年7月1日,上海市某蛋鸡场62日龄蛋鸡出现发病和死亡现象,多次用抗生素治疗无效。为详细了解鸡场发病情况,分析导致疫病发生的风险因素,以便及时提出行之有效的防控建议,通过询问、现场调查和实验室诊断等方式开展了紧急流行病学调查;采用描述性流行病学方法,对疫情特点、发病风险因素进行了分析。实验室诊断结果显示,Ⅰ群血清4型腺病毒核酸阳性。调查发现:发病的前一周,该地气温波动剧烈,造成鸡只应激;鸡场生物安全体系不健全,无针对车辆和人员的消毒措施。结合临床症状、病理剖检和实验室诊断结果,确诊该鸡场暴发了心包积水-肝炎综合征,是由Ⅰ群血清4型腺病毒引起的。通过注射特异性卵黄抗体及对症治疗,对可能引起此次暴发的风险因素进行控制,疫情得到了有效控制。     

湖羊及其杂交后代中双羔羔羊断奶期的生长发育研究

采用SAS8．2的GLM过程和ttest过程对同期出生、不同杂交组合方式的290头 湖羊杂交后代的体重和日增重进行分析。结果表明,不同杂交组合方式对子一代初出生重和二 月龄断奶重都有显著提高,但只有三元杂交对二月龄日增重有显著影响。不同杂交组合间,美 利奴×夏洛来×湖羊组合效果最好,与其它三组都有显著差异。