渠井用水比例对土壤脱盐与地下水化学特征的影响

【目的】通过研究华北典型井渠结合灌区不同用水模式对区域土壤盐分分布、根层土壤脱盐、地下水化学特征的影响,探讨华北井渠结合灌区适宜的渠井用水比例。【方法】2013—2015年在人民胜利渠灌区选择西三干渠控制范围为典型区域,监测控制范围内降水量、地表水灌溉量、地下水灌溉量、0—100 cm土层土壤含盐量、地下水矿化度,分析不同用水模式对根层土壤盐分洗脱、地下水化学特征的影响。【结果】2013—2015年一支渠、二支渠、三支渠渠井用水比例分别介于0.72—1.03、2.50—2.63、0.65—1.26之间;2013—2015年冬小麦苗期,不同用水模式下0—100 cm土层土壤盐分垂向分布均表现为上高、中低、下高,尤其是0—20 cm土层土壤盐分表聚明显;2013—2015年冬小麦苗期一支渠控制范围内0—20 cm根层土壤盐分均值大于0.32 mS·cm~(-1)面积分别占到控制范围的60.38%、25.99%、41.16%,二支渠控制范围内0—20 cm根层土壤盐分均值大于0.32 mS·cm~(-1)面积分别占到控制范围的59.61%、0.94%、8.81%,三支渠控制范围内0—20 cm根层土壤盐分均值大于0.32 m S·cm~(-1)面积分别占到控制范围的84.40%、41.87%、52.49%,表明渠井用水比例与支渠控制范围内表层土壤含盐量大于0.32mS·cm~(-1)的面积呈负相关;对比2013年同期,2014年典型区内0—20 cm土壤脱盐率介于15.61%—25.85%,2015年典型区内0—20 cm土壤脱盐率介于13.33%—23.15%;不同渠井用水比例典型区域地下水水化学特征均表现为:地下水中阳离子由枯水期钙钠型转化为平水期的钠钙型,平水期地下水水文化学相具有强烈的碱化趋势,特别是平水期二支渠地下水溶解性总固体增幅分别为一支渠、三支渠的1.23、3.48倍,表明较大渠井用水比例地表水灌溉驱动了根层土壤脱盐,增加了地下水中可溶性盐分浓度;对比2014年平水期,2015年同期一支渠、二支渠和三支渠控制范围地下水钠吸附比分别降低了23.58%、36.82%和55.47%,且区域地下水钠吸附比均低于18分级值。【结论】综合2013—2015年0—100 cm土层土壤脱盐率、地下水化学特征变化,在华北典型井渠结合灌区采用较大的渠井用水比例可以促进耕层土壤的脱盐、抑制土壤盐分表聚,同时短期内改善地下水环境。     

黑木耳烘干控制系统的研究

黑木耳烘干控制系统，采用压缩式热泵，AT89C51单片机、SHT75型温湿度传感器、加热器等组成温湿度控制电路。控制干燥室内的温湿度，完成对干燥室内的黑木耳进行低温、高效率的去湿干燥。     

生防菌株PF-1基于全基因组数据的分类鉴定及拮抗能力分析

基于全基因组数据,确定生防菌株PF-1的分类地位,验证其对植物病原菌的拮抗作用以及挖掘其潜在的生防功能。通过全基因组中16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析及基因组分析方法确定生防菌株PF-1的分类地位,通过平板对峙方法研究其对马铃薯枯萎病菌和棉花黄萎病菌的拮抗能力;利用antiSMASH软件分析和预测菌株PF-1的抗生素相关基因并挖掘其生防潜力。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析及基因组分析结果,PF-1被鉴定为防御假单胞菌(Pseudomonas protegens),同时发现PF-1基因组中存在15种次生代谢产物基因簇,具有良好的抑制病原菌生长和提高植物抗病性的能力,在农业中具有良好的应用前景。     

图书馆数字参考咨询质量评价体系现状研究

随着数字参考咨询服务的广泛开展，系统地评价服务质量己成为研究热点之一。对目前国内外的数字参考咨询服务质量评价体系进行了分析，指出了图书馆数字参考咨询服务质量评价体系的不足，提出了评价的一些建议。     

甘蓝型油菜雌性不育突变体FS-M1的细胞学观察

1996年我们在油菜育种圃的宁油10号株系中发现了甘蓝型油菜(Brassicanapus)雌性不育突变体FS M1,并初步研究了其形态特征和生物学特性[1,2]。结果显示,FS M1雌性不育性状稳定且可遗传,花器官中子房扁平,柱头顶部分叉,柱头乳突细胞干瘪。结合对FS M1胚胎学研究结果,初步认为其柱     

Identification of a Group of Novel y-Gliadin Genes

γ-Gliadins are an important component of wheat seed storage proteins. Four novel γ-gliadin genes （Gli-ngl to Gli-ng4） were cloned from wheat （Triticum aestivum） and Aegilops species. The novel γ-gliadins were much smaller in molecular size when compared to the typical γ-gliadins, which was caused by deletion of the non-repetitive domain, glutamine-rich region, 3＂ part of the repetitive domain, and 5＇ part of the C-terminal, possibly due to illegitimate recombination between the repetitive domain and the C-terminal. As a result, Gli-ngl and Gli-ng4 only contained two and three cysteine residues, respectively. Gli-ngl, as the representative of novel γ-gliadin genes, has been sub-cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS- PAGE indicated that the both cysteine residues of Gli-ngl could participate in the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds in vitro. Successful cloning of Gli-ngl from seed cDNA of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring suggested that these novel γ-gliadin genes were normally transcribed during the development of seeds. Phylogenic analysis indicated that the four novel γ-gliadin genes had a closer relationship with those from the B （S） genome of wheat.     

基于RV指数的道路对黄河三角洲地区土地利用的影响——以东营市为例

道路的大规模建设对生态系统的影响巨大,影响着居民点的分布格局和周围土地利用的变化,对生态过程产生直接或间接的影响。本研究以东营市为研究区,通过对表示道路网络干扰强度的RV（Roadless Volume）指数进行分析计算,对比分析了不同道路影响等级分区内各土地利用类型面积的变化情况。结果表明：不同道路影响等级下滩涂和湿地的面积随等级的增加而减少,其中从1级到2级下降的幅度最大;草地、水域和盐碱地的面积随影响等级的升高,总体呈下降趋势,且降幅十分明显;耕地的面积从总体来看也呈减少趋势,但幅度相比以上生态用地而言并不十分强烈;建设用地的面积随道路影响等级的增加有上升趋势。通过以上分析说明,道路网络的不断扩展对区域土地利用的影响显著,其中对生态用地的干扰尤为明显。     

Development and Identification of Triticum aestivum L.-Thinopyrum bessarabicum L(o)ve Chromosome Translocations

With ass7istance of chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)combined with meiotic analysis,five germplasms with homozygous wheat-Th. Bessarabicum chromosome translocations were developed and identified among BC1F5 progenies of the cross between T. Aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and Chinese Spring-Th. Bessarabicum amphiploid. These lines included Tj01 and Tj02(2n=44)containing a pair of wheat-Th. Bessarabicum translocation chromosomes besides a pair of added Th. Bessarabicum chromosomes,Tj03(2n=44)with a pair of added interspecific translocation chromosomes,Tj04(2n=44)containing a pair of interspecific translocation chromosomes besides an added pair of Th. Bessarabicum chromosome arms and Tj05(2n=46)containing a pair of interspecific translocation chromosomes besides two pairs of added intact alien chromosomes. The breakpoints of all the translocations were found to be not around centromere. Meanwhile,all the lines showed normal plant growth,development and fertility,while the translocation chromosomes transmitted regularly. The obtained translocations might be of use for transferring elite genes from Th. Bessarabicum into wheat.     

水稻TWH1基因启动子的克隆及表达分析

启动子是基因表达的重要调控元件。利用PCR方法克隆了控制水稻颖壳发育的候选基因TWH1的启动子,并将启动子片段与GUS报告基因融合构建了重组表达载体。通过农杆菌介导的方法将其导入水稻愈伤组织,转基因植株经GUS染色分析显示,各个发育时期的茎秆、叶片、叶鞘、雌雄蕊和孕穗期的颖壳中都有GUS活性表达,但在根和抽穗后的颖壳中未检测到GUS活性。该结果对进一步研究TWH1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

The Machine Recognition for Population Feature of Wheat Images Based on BP Neural Network

Recognition and analysis of dynamic information about population images during wheat growth periods can be taken for the base of quantitative diagnosis for wheat growth. A recognition system based on self-learning BP neural network for feature data of wheat population images, such as total green areas and leaves areas was designed in this paper. In addition, some techniques to create favorable conditions for image recognition was discussed, which were as follows: (1) The method of collecting images by a digital camera and assistant equipment under natural conditions in fields. (2) An algorithm of pixei labeling was used to segment image and extract feature. (3)A high pass filter based on Laplacian was used to strengthen image information. The results showed that the ANN system was availability for image recognition of wheat population feature.