不同因素对磨盘柿色素稳定性的影响

通过对磨盘柿果实色素的乙醇提取液进行不同处理 ,对果实色素的稳定性进行了研究。在阳光直射 5d以内、室内自然光照射 2 5d以内或在室内避光保存 30d以内的条件下 ,磨盘柿色素在可见光区的最大吸收波长未发生改变 ,但吸光值降低 ,柿色素保留率在 6 0 %以上 ;80℃以上的高温对柿色素有破坏作用 ,但 6 0℃ ,2h以内的高温条件下柿色素的稳定性良好 ;柿色素溶液在pH 6～ 11范围内呈稳定状态 ;供试的 9种金属离子中 ,铁离子对柿色素的稳定性影响最大 ,0 12 5mmol·L-1以上的铁离子使柿色素溶液变浑浊 ,出现沉淀 ,Cu2 + ,Ca2 + 和K+ 次之 ,而Al3 + ,Na+ ,Zn2 + 和Mg2 + 影响较小。质量分数为 1%的苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾对柿色素稳定性影响不大 ;而质量分数为 2 %的VC对柿色素有保护作用。在加工利用和保存柿色素时 ,需提供有利柿色素的稳定条件 ,才能保持柿色素的营养价值。     

竹材展开机框片有限元网格的自动形成

竹材展开机框 设计，采用三角形单元自动形成的程序ＸＳ，只需输入必需最少信息，计算机就能输出原来人工完成的各种数据和图形。既可提高工作效率和计算精度，又可与有限元法计算位移和应力的程序方便地衔接，通用性好。     

浓香型和淡香型百合单萜合酶基因差异表达

[目的]东方百合香味浓,亚洲百合香味淡,花香差异明显.选取白色的东方百合‘西伯利亚’(Lilium ‘Siberia’)和亚洲百合‘罗马广场’(Lilium‘ NOVANO’)为材料,拟通过分析单萜合成酶基因差异表达,揭示花香差异原因.[方法]采用RT-PCR方法克隆百合单萜合酶基因,并通过Realtime-PCR分析两种百合不同花期的单萜合酶基因表达.[结果]从Lilium ‘Siberia’和Lilium‘ NOVANO’花瓣中克隆得到芳樟醇合酶基因Li-LiS和月桂烯合酶基因Li-MyS.Li-LiS的核苷酸序列与油棕的序列与油棕、海枣相似度分别达到66％、67％,蛋白的氨基酸序列与油棕、可可相似度分别为48％、44％.Li-MyS的核苷酸序列与六出花、烟草相似度分别达到为69％、42％,蛋白的氨基酸序列与六出花、葡萄同源性分别为51％、49％.在花蕾、半开、盛开、衰败四个花期中,Lilium‘ Siberia’花瓣两个单萜合成酶基因表达水平均高于Lilium‘ NOVANO’,并且除了Li-MyS在盛开期和衰败期外,均表现出显著差异.[结论]单萜合成酶基因的差异表达是导致东方百合和亚洲百合香味差异的一个重要原因.     

两个金鱼草品种香气成分分析

为了比较金鱼草不同品种间香气成分及释放量的差异,采用动态顶空套袋采集法并结合自动热脱附-气质联用技术对‘编钟’和‘马里兰’两个金鱼草品种的花香成分进行了分析,鉴定‘编钟’香气成分27种,‘马里兰’香气成分31种,主要包括醛、酯、苯型烃及其衍生物、萜类、烷烃、醇及其他类(含氮、硫及多环化合物)物质。‘编钟’花香的释放总量是‘马里兰’花香释放量的4倍多。其中,萜类物质释放量最大,在两个品种中的相对含量均超过60%。‘编钟’花香的特征成分是(z)-β-罗勒烯,苯乙酮和β-月桂烯,‘马里兰’花香的特征成分是(z)-β-罗勒烯,β-月桂烯和2-乙基-1-己醇。     

日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。     

Clostridium butyricum as probiotic for promoting growth performance,feed utilization,gut health and microbiota community of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

The feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potentials of Clostridium butyricum in the diet of tilapia. Fish (~14 g) were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.5 (C‐1), 1 (C‐2), 2 (C‐3), 4 (C‐4) and 8 (C‐5) g/kg commercial probiotic‐containing C. butyricum (1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain significantly increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased in the C‐2, C‐3 and C‐4 groups (p < .05). The protein retention (except C‐1 group), lipid retention and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter in probiotic supplementation groups were significantly enhanced, and ADC of protein in the C‐4 group was also improved (p < .05). The supplementation of probiotic significantly increased villus height in anterior intestines and reduced the numbers of intestinal Escherichia coli (p < .05). High‐throughput sequencing showed that top three phyla namely Planctomycetes in all probiotic‐containing groups, Proteobacteria in the C‐1 and C‐2 groups and Chloroflexi in the C‐3 group had higher level than the NC group. The cumulative mortality was reduced by dietary probiotic after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila (p < .05). In conclusion, C. butyricum can be supplemented at 1–2 g/kg feed for promoting the growth, feed utilization, gut health and microbiota of tilapia.     

Effects of fish meal replaced by fermented soybean meal on growth performance,intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) and soybean meal (SM) on growth performance, intestinal histology and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The basal diet contained 350 g/kg FM (CON), and then, FM was replaced with SM and FSM at the ratios of 30% and 60% (SM‐30, SM‐60, FSM‐30 and FSM‐60), respectively. The largemouth bass (4.43 ± 0.13 g) were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain of fish fed with FSM‐60 and SM‐60 diets was significantly lower, and feed conversion ratio of SM‐30, SM‐60 and FSM‐60 groups was significantly higher than the CON group (p < .05). The intestinal villus height of SM‐60 group and the villus width of SM‐60 and FSM‐60 group were significantly lower than the CON group (p < .05). The 30% FM replacement by SM and FSM significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, FSM could replace 30% FM in diet without negative impacts on the growth performance of largemouth bass, while the SM should be controlled below 30%.     

ADAMS虚拟实验在收获机滚筒动平衡中的应用

为了分析收获机滚筒动平衡引起的振动问题,在现场动平衡实验的基础上,结合理论分析,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立了收获机滚筒的力学仿真模型,平衡后滚筒达到动平衡品质标准,从而为滚筒动平衡问题研究提供了一种新的方法,提高了计算精度和设计效率。     

谈森林采伐与生态平衡的关系

扼要论述了森林植物群落生态平衡问题,认为森林植物群落生态平衡是动态平衡,是相对平衡;这种平衡的动态和相对的特性允许采用合理方法利用森林植物资源。同时分析了合理利用的原则与措施。     

温家宝总理在京视察农产品批发市场时与海南瓜菜代表亲切交谈"以后北京没菜,我就找你"

2009年1月17日,新华社以<岁寒尤应念民生>为题,刊发了温家宝总理在京考察民生情况的通讯,通讯中生动记录了温总理与海南瓜菜代表黄栋的一段对话.黄栋一说起起这件事时,他就兴奋不已.