日粮能量水平对肉兔屠宰性能和肉品品质的影响

以新西兰白兔为试验对象,研究5种能量水平对3月龄肉兔屠宰性能和肉品品质的影响。结果表明:能量水平对肉兔的屠宰率影响不显著(P>0.05),对屠体重、全净膛和眼肌面积影响显著(P<0.05),对肝重影响极显著(P<0.01)。5组兔肉物理性状和兔肉中蛋白质、灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),水分、脂肪含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中脂肪含量有随日粮能量浓度升高而增多的趋势。     

采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制

采煤活动所致的动态沉陷湿地具有动态性、高潜水位和生态脆弱性等特点,探明此类人工重构湿地的水生植物群落的生物学特性及其竞争机制,有助于为采煤沉陷区湿地水生植物群落修复提供科学依据。本研究以淮南潘集区人工构建的苦草群落(Ass. Vallisneria natans)为例,采用样方调查法,研究苦草的生物学特性及其与其他水生植物的竞争机制。结果表明,1)沉陷区苦草的生物学特性与浅水湖泊较一致。主要表现在苦草的繁殖方式、传粉方式、生活史方面,但研究区苦草以有性繁殖为主。2)沉陷区苦草能与以种子萌发形成的水烛群丛(Ass. Typha angustifolia)共生,但生物量低;在与形成两年以上的水烛群丛竞争中处于劣势,在水烛群丛盖度达到90%时苦草逐渐消失。3)沉陷区苦草在与浮叶植物莕菜群丛(Ass. Nymphoides peltatum)、苹群丛(Ass. Marsilea quadrifolia)竞争中处于弱势,其盖度、株高、生物量等指标都明显下降。4)沉陷区苦草在与沉水植物竹叶眼子菜群丛(Ass. Potamogeton malaianus)竞争中处于劣势,苦草与沉水植物黑藻群丛(Ass. Hydrilla verticillata)、狐尾藻群丛(Ass. Myriophyllum verticillatum)、大茨藻群丛(Ass. Najas marina)、金鱼藻群丛(Ass. Ceratophyllum demersum)占据不同水层空间,种间竞争不强烈,能较好地共存。总之,苦草较之于相似生长型的植物具有较明显的竞争优势,对于具有不同生活型,尤其是挺水植物和浮叶植物,处于竞争劣势。     

Effect of different fibre sources on performance,carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development of growing Greylag geese

1. The effects of different fibre sources on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal tract development were studied in growing Greylag geese (Anser anser).

2. Four experimental diets were formulated with corn (maize) straw silage (CSS), steam-exploded corn (maize) straw, steam-exploded wheat straw, and steam-exploded rice straw as fibre sources. A total of 224 male Greylag geese at 28 d of age were randomly assigned to one of the 4 experimental diets.

3. The birds fed on the CSS diets had higher average daily feed intakes than those fed on the steam-exploded straws. However, the 4 treatments had similar average daily gain, which contributed to significant differences in feed conversion ratios. The different fibre sources had no significant effects on the carcass characteristics.

4. The CSS-fed birds had larger gizzards and lower relative length of the caeca than the other three groups. However, the relative weights and lengths of the other gut segments, the relative weights of major organs and the pH values of the gastrointestinal contents were similar between the 4 treatments.

5. It was concluded that straw fibres with different physico-chemical properties exerted an effect on daily feed intake and gastrointestinal development, especially for the gizzard. The pretreatment of straw had a large effect on utilisation efficiency and animal performance. Steam explosion is a promising straw pretreatment for inclusion in diets for geese.

     

Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline after a single intravenous,oral or intramuscular dose in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata)

1. The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in ducks were investigated after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) dose at 20 mg/kg body weight.

2. The concentrations of doxycycline in plasma samples were assayed using a high performance liquid chromatography method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model.

3. After IV administration, doxycycline had a mean (±SD) distribution volume (V_z) of 1761.9 ± 328.5 ml/kg and was slowly eliminated with a terminal half-life (t_1/2λz) of 21.21±1.47 h and a total body clearance (Cl) of 57.51 ± 9.50 ml/h/kg. Following PO and IM administration, doxycycline was relatively slowly absorbed – the peak concentrations (C_max) were 17.57 ± 4.66 μg/ml at 2 h and 25.01 ± 4.18 μg/ml at 1.5 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities (F) of doxycycline after PO and IM administration were 39.13% and 70.71%, respectively.

4. The plasma profile of doxycycline exhibited favourable pharmacokinetics characteristics in Muscovy ducks, such as wide distribution, relatively slow absorption and slow elimination, though oral bioavailability was low.

     

江苏响水县病死畜禽无害化处理体系建设实践

响水县为江苏省第二批病死畜禽无害化处理体系建设试点县。目前该县已建立了病死畜禽的登记、收集、转运和处理机制、经费管理保障机制和保险联动机制,有效解决了传统方式的二次污染问题,遏制了病死畜禽乱抛现象,并取得了一定的经济效益;提出了政府应主动作为、继续扩大政策补贴和保险范围、进一步完善残渣油脂再利用的政策及标准等建议。     

互花米草生境中人工巢巢捕食研究

为了研究江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区互花米草生境中繁殖鸟巢的被捕食情况及影响捕食的因素,2014年3~6月,在保护区第三核心区鸟类繁殖生境中,使用人工巢及真实鹌鹑蛋进行巢捕食实验的方法进行巢捕食实验,分析不同巢高度、覆盖度、边缘距离、植被密度等因素对鸟巢被捕食的影响。实验共放置520个人工巢,1 040枚卵,使用红外相机对部分人工巢进行监测。结果表明:在江苏大丰麋鹿自然保护区互花米草生境内,人工巢存在较高的被捕食率,共有352巢被捕食,占67.7%,对11个变量进行逻辑斯蒂回归,巢高度、植被均高、主要植被密度、距边缘距离、水平覆盖度、上层垂直覆盖度等6个变量进人最终模型,巢高度、距边缘距离与巢被捕食显著相关。通过红外相机拍摄从102个监测巢中记录到69个捕食事件,68巢黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)和1巢黑眉锦蛇(Elaphe taeniura)捕食。我们认为互花米草生境中缺乏啮齿类动物的天敌是当地人工巢被捕食的主要原因。     

查处物流快递涉假劣兽药违法案件的讨论

不法分子利用物流快递隐蔽性强、成本低、效率高等特点,进行非法托运、贩运假劣兽药的案件数量逐年上升。该类案件的查处和定罪难度较大。本文分析了假劣兽药监管在物流快递业中存在的问题,提出在日常执法、调查取证、线索收集、部门联合、公众参与等方面加强监管,净化区域兽药经营的市场秩序的建议。     

哈萨克斯坦畜牧业发展及动物疫情状况

为了解哈萨克斯坦畜牧业发展及动物疫情发生情况,为中哈边境地区动物疫病的“联防联控”奠定基础,以我国驻哈萨克斯坦大使馆经济商务参赞处的相关调研数据和FAO的相关统计数据,分析了2003年以来哈萨克斯坦畜牧业发展状况;同时基于OIE和FAO关于哈萨克斯坦动物疫情统计数据,利用Excel分析了2005年以来哈萨克斯坦的动物疫情状态。数据分析显示：哈萨克斯坦畜牧业发展呈上升趋势,动物疫情形势严峻。提议我国相关部门加强对来自哈萨克斯坦进口的动物及其产品的检验,严防动物疫病传入我国。     

生态脆弱区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响——以贵州北盘江大峡谷国家湿地公园为例

以贵州北盘江大峡谷国家湿地公园为研究对象,基于实地调查和ArcGIS探讨了湿地公园规划建设前后土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响,并对影响生态系统服务价值的关键因素进行敏感性分析。结果表明:湿地公园规划建设前后,研究区林地面积大量增加,耕地和其他土地面积减少,导致生态系统总服务价值由15520.71万元增加到16857.40万元,增幅达8.61%;敏感性分析结果均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值具有稳健性。     

辽宁绒山羊羔羊卵母细胞体外培养技术的研究

本研究以4～8周龄的辽宁绒山羊母羔为研究对象,研究不同激素处理对羔羊卵泡发育数量和发育质量的影响,同时还比较了不同配方的培养液对羔羊卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响.结果表明:最佳的母羔超数排卵方案是依次注射PMSG 400 IU 1次,FSH(加拿大)40 mg 3次,间隔时间12 h;在成熟培养液中添加15％的发情羊血清(ESS)卵母细胞的体外成熟率最高.