红曲霉合生素对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响

试验研究红曲霉合生素对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响。选择6只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年延边黄牛母牛为试验动物[(325±25)kg],采用3×3完全拉丁方设计试验。分别测定瘤胃液pH值、纤毛虫数、NH3-N浓度和BCP浓度。试验结果表明:采食后各组pH值无显著影响(P0.05)。瘤胃内NH3-N浓度均处于合成瘤胃微生物的最佳浓度范围内,红曲霉+中药组与对照组、红曲霉组相比差异显著(P0.05)。6h纤毛虫数量对照组显著高于红曲酶组和红曲酶+中药组(P0.05)。其它时间差异不显著。红曲霉+中药组BCP含量显著高于其它两组(P0.05)。说明红曲霉+中药组有提高延边黄牛瘤胃微生物合成的作用,因而可促进瘤胃内养分消化代谢。     

新疆野蔷薇果的研究

新疆野蔷薇（Ｒｏｓａｓｐｐ）果实富含多种人体所需的营养物质，有较大开发利用价值。欲培育大果，多刺蔷薇、刺蔷薇较有前途；疏花蔷薇、腺毛蔷薇、伊犁蔷薇还原型ＶＣ含量较高；还可根据需要选择优良个体或类型以培育新品种。     

硫营养对绒山羊的影响

本文着重对硫营养影响绒山羊营养物质利用及绒生长的研究进展加以叙述。     

肉仔鸡传染性法氏囊病混合感染白痢杆菌病的诊断与防治

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由病毒引起的鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,在我国的流行非常广泛。本病主要侵害免疫中枢器官—法氏囊。因法氏囊被破坏,使鸡降低其对各种传染病的抵抗力并造成鸡对免疫接种的应答反应低下或造成免疫失败,患病鸡群常继发感染新城疫、大肠杆菌病、球虫病、白痢病等。2006年1月宣化区某鸡场发生了鸡传染性法氏囊病及白痢病混合感染,现将诊治情况报告如下。1发病情况春光乡大北街村某户饲养肉仔鸡1500只,从2006年1月份起,鸡群开始发病,发病率85%,死亡率40%。以后经法氏囊苗免疫的鸡群仍然有很大一部分发病,发病率3…     

施肥对沙打旺种子产量构成因素及种子产量的影响

在北京地区进行了不同肥料种类、施肥量、施肥时间及比例的试验结果显示,秋施80kg/hm^2 P2O5＋春施160kg/hm^2 P2O5处理的潜在种子产量和实际种子产量达到最高,分别为2470.95kg/hm^2和820.65kg/hm^2。与其它处理相比,其单株花穗数、花穗上的小花数、可育小花数和千粒重均有显著提高。     

日粮蛋白质水平对育雏期绿头野鸭生长性能的影响

本研究选用刚出壳的绿头野鸭90只,随机分成3组,每组30只,分别饲喂能量相同,蛋白质水平分别为17.00%、19.00%、21.00%的饲粮,通过饲养和代谢试验研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对育雏期(0～4周龄)绿头野鸭生长性能的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮蛋白质水平的提高,蛋白质的代谢率逐渐下降,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从饲料报酬的角度看,19.00%的蛋白质水平完全可以满足绿头野鸭育雏期(0～4周龄)的生长需要。     

异戊酸对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物的影响

选用4头体重(420±8.6)kg,年龄2.5岁装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究异戊酸(0、0.02、0.04和0.06 g/kgW)对瘤胃pH、NH3-N、VFA、营养物质降解率及尿嘌呤衍生物浓度的影响。结果表明:0.06 g/kgW组显著降低瘤胃pH(P<0.05),饲喂后3-6 h,0.04 g/kgW组和0.06 g/kgW组NH3-N浓度显著低于对照和0.02 g/kgW组(P<0.05);0.04 g/kgW组和0.06 g/kgW组,豆粕干物质、有机物质和粗蛋白质有效降解率显著低于对照(P<0.05);0.04 g/kgW组玉米秸秆干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的有效降解率显著提高(P<0.05),0.04 g/kgW组瘤胃乙酸、丁酸、乙酸/丙酸比例、总挥发性脂肪酸和尿嘌呤衍生物显著增加(P<0.05)。异戊酸的适宜添加水平为0.04g/kgW。     

Inoculation of cucumber roots with zoospores of mycoparasitic and plant pathogenic Pythium species: Differential zoospore accumulation, colonization ability and plant growth response

Hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were inoculated with zoospores of 1 mycoparasitic (Pythium oligandrum) and 2 pathogenic (Pythium aphanidermatum and Pythium group F) Pythium spp. During the first 2 days after inoculation, all the Pythium spp. caused reduction in the root length. However, roots treated with Pythium oligandrum quickly reached the length of the control and on the 8th day, and for the rest of the experimental period, stimulation of root elongation was noted. Pythium oligandrum was not pathogenic on cucumber and no differences in the fresh weights of control and Pythium oligandrum inoculated plants were observed in the course of the experiment. Pythium group F and Pythium aphanidermatum were pathogenic on cucumber seedlings, but their pathogenicities differed. Thus, while Pythium group F had a constant, negative influence on root length and plant growth, measured as fresh weight, Pythium aphanidermatum caused generalized necroses of the root system, inhibiting consistently root elongation and plant growth and finally causing plant death. Moreover, the zoospores of 2 mycoparasitic species, Pythium oligandrum and Pythium periplocum, were not attracted to roots of cucumber and accumulated on the roots in very low numbers compared to those of the pathogenic species, Pythium aphanidermatum, which were strongly attracted and accumulated in large numbers. Finally, it was also found that Pythium oligandrum colonized the roots very poorly, while Pythium group F and Pythium aphanidermatum were significantly better root colonizers. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the ecology of Pythium species and biocontrol.     

加强农业野生植物保护的对策

我国孕育着丰富的农业野生植物资源,由于耕地的开发、人为地破坏,现阶段,我国的农业野生植物数量正在锐减,并且目前我国对农业野生植物保护情况也不容乐观,在农业野生植物的保护上屡屡受挫.文章对农业野生植物保护的重要性进行阐述,并对加强农业野生植物保护提出相应对策,以期对加强农业野生植物保护有所裨益.     

纤维分解酶处理玉米秸秆对肉牛瘤胃发酵和养分消化代谢的影响

为研究纤维分解酶处理玉米秸秆饲喂肉牛后对瘤胃发酵、养分消化代谢以及氮、磷、甲烷排放和血清生化指标的影响,选用12月龄左右、体况良好、体重近似的西门塔尔牛36头,随机分为4组,每组9头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(混合精料+玉米秸秆;精粗比45∶55),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别以0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的纤维分解酶处理玉米秸秆替代基础饲粮中的玉米秸秆进行为期80 d的试验。结果表明:试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨态氮浓度均显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但乙酸/丙酸和乳酸浓度却显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组消化能、代谢能、沉积能以及沉积能/消化能均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ与Ⅲ组食入氮、可消化氮和沉积氮均显著高于对照组与试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ与Ⅲ组氮排泄/食入氮、磷排泄/食入磷和甲烷排放量均显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖、白蛋白浓度和谷草转氨酶活性均显著高于对照组与试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综合以上各项指标,当处理玉米秸秆的纤维分解酶添加量为1.0%时,瘤胃发酵得到显著改善,饲粮养分消化率显著提高,能量及氮利用率提高,氮、磷和甲烷排放降低。