外源水杨酸甲酯对高温胁迫下茶树光合作用和抗氧化酶的影响

近年来茶园高温灾害频发,而关于提高茶树耐热性的研究相对较少。本文以龙井43为试验材料,利用不同浓度水杨酸甲酯（MeSA）喷施茶苗后,在高温环境下（43℃）处理12βh,随后测定茶树叶片的净光合速率（Pn）,Rubisco最大羧化速率（V_c,max）、RuBP最大再生速率（J_max）,电解质渗透率（EL）,丙二醛（MDA）含量以及抗氧化酶活性等相关指标。结果发现,1βmmol·L^-1 MeSA能够有效缓解高温导致的茶树Pn降低,维持V_c,max和J_max稳定;高温导致茶树叶片EL和MDA含量迅速上升,而适当浓度的MeSA可显著降低高温环境下EL和MDA含量。此外,结果表明1βmmol·L^-1 MeSA能够提高APX和CAT活性,进而减少H₂O₂积累,减轻茶树细胞膜过氧化作用。综上所述,外源施用MeSA能够在一定程度上维持高温条件下植物叶片细胞光合系统稳定,提高茶树叶片的抗氧化酶活性,缓解氧化胁迫,最终提高茶树的耐热性。     

‘新红星’苹果果实蔗糖合酶的活性及亚细胞定位

 在‘新红星’苹果果实发育过程中, 伴随果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的积累, 蔗糖合酶的分解活性逐渐下降, 而合成活性逐渐升高。苹果果实的蔗糖合酶由分子量为90 kD 的亚基组成, 其免疫信号强度随发育进程而增加。蔗糖合酶主要定位于果肉细胞的细胞质中, 发育中后期该酶的分布密度有一定增加。综合结果认为, 蔗糖合酶调控发育早期蔗糖的降解和发育后期蔗糖的积累。     

稻田与池塘养殖瓯江彩鲤肌肉营养成分对比分析

为探究不同养殖条件下瓯江彩鲤肌肉营养组成的差异,分别对吉林省稻田养殖(PF组)和池塘养殖(PC组)瓯江彩鲤肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸以及部分矿物元素含量进行测定,分析了两种养殖条件下瓯江彩鲤营养组成的差异。就常规营养组成而言,PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中水分含量显著高于PC组(P<0.05)。PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中甘氨酸(Gly)、酪氨酸(Tyr)及胱氨酸(Cys)等氨基酸的含量均显著高于PC组(P<0.05),且PF组鲜味氨基酸总量明显高于PC组;就脂肪酸组成而言,PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸甲酯(DHA)含量均显著高于PC组(P<0.05);除镁(Mg)和钠(Na)外,PF组瓯江彩鲤肌肉中其余矿物元素含量均显著高于PC组(P<0.05)。综合肌肉氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成及矿物质含量等结果,稻田养殖瓯江彩鲤的营养品质优于池塘养殖个体。     

不同选育品系中华绒螯蟹形态特征的比较分析

以不同选育品系(“江海21”“长江1号”“诺亚1号”和“申江1号”)中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为试验对象,通过单因素方差分析、逐步判别分析和主成分分析等方法对4个品系中华绒螯蟹的形态特征进行比较分析。结果显示：(1)单因素方差分析中,各品系雌、雄个体的32项形态特征指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)逐步判别分析中,各品系雌、雄个体的判别准确率普遍较低,仅为40%～70%;(3)主成分散点图显示,各品系个体之间频繁交叉出现,主成分分析难以区别各品系的雌、雄成蟹个体。综合分析结果表明,中华绒螯蟹各品系之间的形态特征差异较小,难以将形态学特征作为鉴别各选育品系的特定指标。     

胚胎移植技术在优质细毛羊育种中的研究与应用

采用 FSH、L H、PMSG、氟孕酮阴道海绵栓等激素进行超数排卵 ,通过人工授精、手术采卵、同期发情、胚胎移植、B超妊娠检查等技术 ,共处理优秀美利奴母羊 4 5 6只 ,获得可用胚胎 (A、B、C级胚胎 ) 30 33枚 ,平均 6 .6 5枚 /只(30 33/ 4 5 6 ) ,移植受体母羊 2 333只 ,冻胚受孕率 4 7.0 2 % (10 97/ 2 333) ,产羔数 14 2 6只 ,产羔率 12 9.99% (14 2 6 /10 97)。其中 ,公羔 6 85只 ,母羔 74 1只。优质细毛羊初生重公羔平均 4 .4 5 kg,母羔平均 4 .6 1kg。断奶重公羔平均38.2 4 kg,母羔平均 33.6 8kg。 12月龄平均体重公羊 76 .15 kg,母羊平均 6 2 .15 kg。周岁毛长公羊平均 11.6 7cm,剪毛量平均 12 .0 4 kg;母羊毛长平均 11.12 cm ,剪毛量平均 7.6 5 kg;平均净毛率达到 6 8.5 %。 2岁公羊体重平均 10 6kg,毛长平均 11.5 cm,剪毛量平均 11.85 kg,净毛率 6 9.5 %。2岁母羊体重平均 72 kg,毛长平均 11.0 cm,剪毛量平均8.5 kg,净毛率 6 9.0 6 %。羊毛纤维平均细度 18.71μm。 3岁公羊最大体重 14 8kg,母羊最大体重 10 2 kg。优质细毛羊新类群同期上述各项指标均显著或极显著高于中国美利奴羊     

利用固液分离技术对规模化奶牛场的粪污治理

针对规模化奶牛场的粪污处理问题,利用了固液分离技术,对奶牛场内环境治理,尤其是圈舍内的清粪环节进行减量化改进。从技术角度上优化畜舍内的环境质量,从而弥补国内外现有畜禽养殖业中粪污治理模式中的弱项。本文以天津和润畜牧养殖有限责任公司的规模化奶牛场为试验点,对其产生的粪污进行技术化固液分离,分离后的固体粪便经发酵、晾晒后可作为奶牛的卧床垫料而重复利用。污水经稀释匀浆后储存于贮水池,在采用固液分离技术后,每天的产污水量下降了22%,粪污总量约下降21%。通过技术改进,固液分离处理后的粪污中,总悬浮颗粒物占比降低,污水中总氮和总磷含量降低,化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）降低60%以上,水质得到提升。固液分离技术可为规模化养殖业提供更加便捷高效的处理粪污、降低污染物含量的产业化排污模式,使规模化养殖产品更加安全健康,同时也可以使人民的日常饮食得到安全保障。     

Molecular cloning,chromosomal localization and expression pattern of porcine ADP‐ribosylation factor(Arf) gene family

Adenosine diphosphate‐ribosylation factors (Arfs) are a family of guanosine triphosphate‐binding proteins involved in fundamental biological processes including secretion, endocytosis, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, cell adhesion and tumor cell invasion. We report here the molecular cloning, chromosome localization and expression analysis of porcine Arf1–6, of which Arf1–3 (Class I) have >93% similarity to each other and encode nearly similar proteins with 181 amino acids in length. Arf4 and Arf5 (Class II) are 78–81% homologous to Class I Arfs and both encode a protein of 180 amino acids, Arf6 (Class III) shows 64–68% homology to the other Arfs and encodes 175 amino acids. With radiation hybrid mapping, porcine Arf1–6 are assigned to chromosomes 14q21‐q22, 12p14, 5p12‐q11, 13q21.1, 18q24, 1q21‐q27, respectively. Moreover, real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR assays show that porcine Arf1‐6 are ubiquitous in all tissues examined, with the highest levels in the kidney and stomach and the lowest in muscle and the heart. This is the first report of molecular characterization of the Arf gene family in pigs.     

鸡马立克氏病病毒在鸡淋巴细胞和羽髓中的复制动力学分析

马立克氏病（MD）是由鸡马立克氏病病毒血清1型（MDV1）引起的鸡高度接触性淋巴细胞增生性疾病,MDV1在体内的复制状况与其致病性强弱及传播能力直接相关。本实验选择近几年从国内不同地区MD暴发鸡场分离的6株MDV1强毒株、弱毒疫苗“814”株和国内标准MDV1强毒J-1株,分别人工感染SPF鸡,采用双重实时荧光定量PCR（FQ—PCR）方法,检测感染后1d～28d病毒在淋巴细胞和羽髓中的复制状况。结果显示,接种1d后即可在淋巴细胞中检测到MDV1（10^2.6 copies～10^5.2 copies／10^6 cells）;在检测期间,淋巴细胞中病毒载量略有上升的趋势,总体呈现不规律变化,而且变化并不明显。接种7d后羽髓中病毒载量开始显著增加,14d～21d达到峰值,超强毒株峰值处病毒载量可达到10^7 copies／10^6 cells,峰值期病毒载量是感染前期（1d～7d）的100～10000倍。强毒株在体内的病毒载量高于弱毒株,即复制能力高于弱毒株。研究表明,MDV1国内流行的毒株有增殖速度快,病毒载量高的新特点;MDV1致病性的高低与在其在体内的复制能力的高低呈正相关。     

Assessment of the impact of resistant and susceptible canola on Plasmodiophora brassicae inoculum potential

The impact on clubroot severity of growing susceptible canola or mixtures of resistant and susceptible canola genotypes was examined. Bioassays revealed greater clubroot severity and incidence, and reduced plant height, where 100% of a susceptible cultivar had been grown. A higher proportion of susceptible plants within a resistant canola crop increased root hair and secondary infections. Regression analysis of root hair infection and the amount of Plasmodiophora brassicae DNA (as determined by quantitative PCR) revealed strong linear relationships between the two parameters. The linear relationships between root hair infection and P. brassicae DNA were stronger for the resistant cultivar than for the susceptible cultivar when regression analysis was conducted by cultivar over the sampling dates. In conclusion, the cropping of a resistant cultivar reduced clubroot severity, while the presence of susceptible volunteer canola increased inoculum potential. Quantitative PCR was a reliable tool for the quantification of root hair infection.     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.