羊驼视网膜组织学结构

用光镜观察了羊驼视网膜的组织学结构,以及3级神经元的细胞胞核层数及胞核特点。结果表明:羊驼视网膜结构与昼行性的哺乳动物的视网膜结构相似,但米勒细胞较明显、水平细胞为一层、内网层细胞很厚等形成了羊驼视网膜结构的特性,显示了羊驼视网膜结构和机能与其行为学特性的一致性。     

基于SSR标记分析四川省桑树种质资源的群体结构和遗传多样性

利用14对SSR引物对四川省89份桑树种质资源的基因组DNA进行PCR,分析种质资源间的群体结构和遗传多样性。共扩增出迁移率不同的条带65条,多态性条带65条,多态性条带比率达100%;Structure群体结构分析将89份桑树种质资源划分为4个群体,4个群体的多态性信息含量在0.552 0~0.599 8之间,总体为0.657 7;基因多样度在0.554 8~0.600 3之间,总体为0.579 0;等位基因数目在66~76个之间,总体为134个;等位基因丰富度在3.327 2~3.549 1之间,总体为3.983 1;遗传多样性主要来源于品种内,属中等偏高水平;14对SSR引物位点的总基因多样度Ht在0.291~0.931之间,整体为0.699;Nei’s种群内基因多样度Hs为0.287~0.910,整体为0.662;种群间基因多样度为0.003~0.098,整体为0.037;种群间基因分化系数为0.008~0.047,整体为0.053;基因流为2.901~62.000,整体为8.934,遗传变异主要发生在群体内,群体间分化程度低,基因流大。UPGMA聚类分析与群体结构分析结果大致相同,2种分析结果都显示分群无地理迁移规律。     

类胡萝卜素在水产饲料中的应用

<正>随着我国水产养殖业的发展,人们对养殖鱼虾的品质要求也越来越高,色泽是影响水产品商品价格和观赏价值的重要因素。水产动物本身不能合成类胡萝卜素,必须从食物中摄取,因此,需要在饲料中添加类胡萝卜素作为着色剂。本文就近几年来国内外在水产动物上使用类胡萝卜素做为着色剂的研究成果做一综述。     

Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.     

家蚕种质资源研究进展及展望

介绍了家蚕种质资源的概况,综述了家蚕种质资源在经济性状、抗逆和抗病性、生理生化特性和遗传分析等方面的研究进展情况,并展望了其发展前景。     

犬瘟热、犬细小病毒胶体金二联检测卡研制

本研究通过细胞融合、间接ELISA方法筛选出4株可稳定分泌犬瘟热病毒(canine distemper virus,CDV)和犬细小病毒(canine parvovirus,CPV)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,以此为基础研制了一种可同时检测CDV和CPV的胶体金二联检测卡,并对其特异性、灵敏度及准确性进行了测试。结果显示：4株杂交瘤细胞可稳定传代,分泌的单克隆抗体纯度高,效价均在1:320以上。制备的胶体金二联检测卡特异性强,只与CDV和CPV产生特异性条带,而不与其他犬类病毒反应;灵敏度高,最低检测限可达到10²拷贝/μL;准确性好,与荧光定量PCR结果的符合率高于88.0%,与市面上单一病毒检测卡的符合率高于97.2%。结果表明,本研究制备的CDV、CPV胶体金二联检测卡特异性强、灵敏度高、准确性好,兼具操作简便、肉眼可判读、结果易保存和无需特殊仪器设备等优势,可用于两种疾病的临床快速诊断和大规模检测工作。     

新江汉鸡的饲养管理

1新江汉鸡（土鸡） 新江汉鸡作为地方品种之一，具有开产早、产蛋多、耗料少等优点。成鸡一般体重约1．5千克，64周龄产蛋210个。产蛋期日平均耗料85～90克，平均蛋重50克。     

早开堇菜组织培养及植株再生体系的建立

以野生早开堇菜为材料,研究了不同外植体类型(子叶节、叶片、叶柄)和不同激素配比对其不定芽诱导、愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,成功建立了早开堇菜组织培养植株再生体系。结果表明,1) 诱导子叶节和叶柄不定芽诱导的最适培养基为 MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,叶片不适合作为直接诱导不定芽的外植体。2) 3种外植体均能诱导愈伤组织,子叶节愈伤组织诱导的时间最短,其次为叶柄,叶片最晚。子叶节和叶柄愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D,诱导率分别为98.3%和96.7%;叶片愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.05 mg/L NAA,诱导率可达88.3%。3) 最适愈伤组织分化培养基为:MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,分化率为100%。4)不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为:MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.075 mg/L NAA,增殖率为4.68。 5)再生苗移植到添加1.0 mg/L 6-BA的1/2 MS培养基上,生根率92.3%。6)组培苗移栽到珍珠岩∶河沙∶腐殖质(1∶2∶2)的混合基质时,100%成活,且植株长势好。     

Bone metabolic effects of single-dose zoledronate in healthy dogs

Zoledronate, an aminobisphosphonate with potent antiresorptive activity in bone, has the potential for treatment of malignant osteolysis and hypercalcemia in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone metabolic effects of a single dose of zoledronate in healthy dogs. Four skeletally mature, male, intact dogs received a 15-minute i.v. infusion of zoledronate at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg. Urine N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) excretion decreased significantly from baseline by 76, 63, 77, and 73% on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively (P < .0125). Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) decreased significantly from baseline by 36 and 42% on days 21 and 28, respectively (P < .0125). No changes were detected in indices of calcium homeostasis (ionized calcium, intact PTH, or urine calcium excretion). Single-dose i.v. zoledronate at 0.25 mg/kg appears to inhibit homeostatic osteolytic activity in healthy, skeletally mature dogs. Prospective studies should assess repeated-dose safety and activity in healthy and diseased animals of various age groups.