欧洲和北美地区退化泥炭地修复技术与借鉴

泥炭地是重要的自然湿地类型,具有固碳、水文调节、生物多样性维护等多种生态系统服务功能。受侵蚀、火灾等自然灾害以及排水疏干、过度放牧和基础建设等强烈的人为干扰,全球泥炭地面积不断缩减,成为全球气候变化背景下的碳源。文中从水文修复、植被修复和生态监测与评估等方面,综述了欧洲和北美国家退化泥炭地修复技术研究进展,结合若尔盖湿地修复技术现状进行了研究展望,旨在为我国高原退化湿地的生态修复提供参考。     

Lignin Characteristics of Steam Exploded Bamboo Residue during Hot Pressing

bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis) residue was subjected to steam explosion treatment to produce superior fibers for binderless boards.Then,lignin was isolated from extract-free bamboo meal,steam exploded pulp,and binderless boards with characteristics being determined by thermo-gravimetry (TG),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Results showed that:1) the yield of lignin directly extracted with dioxane-water from steam exploded bamboo pulp(SEBPL) and binderless board (SEBBL) was higher than that of milled bamboo lignin (MBL).Also,the yield of SEBBL was lower than that of SEBPL.2) FTIR results showed cleavage of ester and ether bonds between lignin and p-coumaric acid during steam explosion treatment.3) SEBBL showed two glass transitions at 115℃and 200℃, while MBL gave one glass transitions at 155℃.And 4) the modulus of rupture(MOR) and modulus of elasticity(MOE) decreased with an increase in steaming time;whereas internal bonding(IB) increased.In all cases the dimensional stability of boards did not exceed the maximum requirements for type GB/T 11718- 1999.     

大棚下嫁接时间对油茶苗成活率及生长量的影响

研究钢架大棚环境下芽苗砧嫁接时间对油茶成活率、生长量的影响,以期找出油茶最佳嫁接育苗时间。选择油茶‘长林4号’优良无性系当年生木质化穗条,分别于2013年5月6日~6月4日嫁接,于当年10月底统计各时期嫁接成活率、秋梢率和生长量等,比较不同嫁接时间油茶苗成活率及生长量的差异。结果表明,5月11~15日嫁接的油茶苗成活率最高,为89.93%,其次是5月6~10日,成活率为87.27%,5月31日~6月4日成活率最低,仅为41.63%;5月11~15日嫁接的油茶苗木秋梢率及叶面积数值均最大,分别为25.17%和12.60cm2;6个处理总叶片数依次为10.67、11.33、9.67、9.50、9.33和9.00,高径比依次为52.11、48.14、48.41、40.73、42.75和36.82;5月11~15日嫁接苗木主根最长(8.53cm);5月31日~6月4日嫁接苗木根茎比最大(0.459)。嫁接时间是影响油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗成效的关键成因之一,在安庆地区钢架大棚环境条件下,5月11~15日为最佳嫁接时间,油茶苗成活率和生长量等指标都高于其它时间段。     

龙门石窟微博营销对河南旅游业的影响研究

指出了微博以其短小精悍,传播快捷、迅速成为旅游资讯传播的重要渠道和旅游网络营销的重要手段,引起旅游部门的高度重视。以洛阳龙门石窟为例,通过实地走访、对景区游客问卷调查、景区工作人员访谈、关注龙门石窟微博量以及粉丝量等实际行动,结合所学营销学、旅游学等理论知识,剖析了龙门石窟微博营销的优缺点,并参照山东省旅游局官方微博,对二者的新浪官方微博进行数据分析与内容比较,探讨了微博营销的成功秘诀,供河南省旅游业开展微博营销时参考借鉴。     

茶园土壤速效钾及全钾评价

为探究武夷山常见几种茶园速效钾及全钾在垂直层次、土壤深度和水平层次上的分布特征,以正岩区、半岩区、洲茶区的水仙、肉桂及黄玫瑰的茶园土壤为研究对象,对0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～30 cm 3个不同土壤深度土层和上、中、下坡3个不同坡位土壤钾含量进行测定。结果表明,从土壤深度来看,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤中全钾和速效钾的含量均降低;从垂直层次来看,随坡位的升高,土壤全钾和速效钾的含量均降低;从水平层次看土壤全钾及速效钾含量均表现为洲茶区>半岩区>正岩区。     

树形对鲜黄梨果实糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的影响

以鲜黄梨为试材,应用WinsCanopy2005a冠层分析仪和光合测定仪对平棚形、V字形和疏散分层形3种树形的冠层结构特点和光合能力进行比较,测定果实发育过程中糖分含量及山梨醇转化酶活性,研究树形对果实中糖分积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:平棚形冠层开度和冠下直射、散射及总光合光量子通量密度显著高于其他2种树形,其透光性最好,光合能力最强。果实中可溶性总糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、山梨醇的含量及山梨醇转化酶活性均以平棚形最高,V字形次之,疏散分层形最低且差异显著。果实在发育前期均以积累山梨醇和淀粉为主,后期以积累果糖为主;山梨醇脱氢酶和山梨醇氧化酶在果实发育早中期活性逐渐增加,后期二者活性降低,但较前期高。     

大理起凤公园生态恢复与景观营造

以大理起凤公园破损山体为研究对象,对退化山体外貌形态、坡度、边坡高度、土层厚度和砾石含量5个立地因子进行了量化分析,采用立地再造技术和植被恢复技术对起凤公园进行了生态恢复与景观营造。     

New quantitative trait loci for enhancing adaptation to salinity in rice from Hasawi,a Saudi landrace into three African cultivars at the reproductive stage

Salinity is a major constraint affecting rice productivity in rainfed and irrigated agro-ecosystems. Understanding salinity effects on rice production at the reproductive stage could improve adaptation for this trait. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling adaptation to salinity may also accelerate breeding rice germplasm for environments prone to this stress. We used the salt tolerant landrace ‘Hasawi’ as a donor parent to generate three F₂ offspring (consisting each of 500 individuals) with three African cultivars (‘NERICA-L-19’, ‘Sahel 108’ and ‘BG90-2’) used as recipient parents (RP). The F₂s and F_2:3s were evaluated for grain yield and other traits in saline fields. Salinity caused reduction in all measured traits across the F₂-derived offspring, e.g. grain yield reduced between 65 and 73 %, but some offspring had twice the RP’s grain yield. QTL analysis revealed 75 QTLs for different traits in all 3 genetic backgrounds (GBs): 24 of them were common among all the 3 GBs while 31 were noted in 2 GBs, and 17 in one GB. ‘Hasawi’ contributed on average 49 % alleles to these QTLs. Two yield and yield related QTLs (qGY11 and qTN11) common in all 3 GBs were mapped on the same chromosomal segment suggesting these QTLs might be stable across different GBs. Four other QTLs were strongly associated with salinity tolerance with peak marker RM419, representing a potential candidate for MAS due to high LOD score and relatively large effect QTLs.     

PCR cloning, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a xylanase gene from the phytopathogenic fungusAscochyta pisiLib.

A gene encoding a xylanase,xyl1, was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungusAscochyta pisiLib. by PCR cloning using degenerate primers. DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 736 bp interrupted by an intron of 55 bp. The ORF encodes a predicted protein of 227 amino acids. The precise splicing site of the intron was identified from the sequence of a PCR product obtained using the same degenerated primers on a cDNA template. The cDNA product and a northern blot demonstrated that the gene is transcribed into mRNA when the fungus is cultured in media containing xylan as sole carbon source. The Neighbour-Joining method using the Clustal W(1.5) program demonstrated that theA. pisixylanase is a member of the family 11 glycosyl hydrolases, and that this family represents at least five phylogenetically consistent groups. The family 11 glycosyl hydrolases can be linked with family 10 glycosyl hydrolyses through bifunctional enzymes fromRuminococcus flavefaciensand, to a lesser extentNeocallimastix patriciarum.