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Humberto Ramírez-Mendoza Hctor Castillo-Jurez Jesús Hernndez Pablo Correa Joaquim Segals 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2009,73(1):21-24
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is considered a multifactorial emerging disease of which Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is the necessary infectious cause. However, retrospective studies have shown that PMWS is not a new disease and that PCV-2 has been circulating in pig farms for years. Most of these studies were performed in Europe and Asia; only a few were performed in North or South America. 相似文献
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Diana M. Hassel Phoebe A. Smith Jorge E. Nieto Pablo Beldomenico Sharon J. Spier 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(2):210-214
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercially available di-tri-octahedral (DTO) smectite product on clinical signs and prevalence of post-operative diarrhea in horses with colic associated with disease of the large intestine. Sixty-seven horses with surgical disease of the large intestine were randomly assigned to be treated with DTO smectite (n = 37; 0.5 kg via nasogastric intubation every 24 h for 3 days post-operatively) or a placebo (n = 30). The effect of treatment on fecal scores and clinical and hematological parameters, including heart rate, mucous membrane color, temperature, total white blood cell count, total neutrophil count and total plasma protein values, were determined.Horses treated with DTO smectite had a significant reduction in the prevalence of post-operative diarrhea (10.8%), compared with controls (41.4%). A significant improvement in mucous membrane color was observed 72 h post-operatively in horses receiving treatment, compared with placebo. Administration of DTO smectite to colic patients with disease of the large intestine reduced the occurrence of diarrhea in the early post-operative period. 相似文献
106.
María Sol Arias Jos Luis Surez G.V. Hillyer Ivn Francisco Enrique Calvo Rita Snchez-Andrade Pablo Díaz Rubn Francisco Pablo Díez-Baos Patrocinio Morrondo Adolfo Paz-Silva 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):73-78
The therapeutic efficacy of albendazole and netobimin in ruminants with naturally occurring fascioliasis was investigated using a recombinant-based ELISA. The variation in the IgG response against a 2.9-kDa recombinant protein (FhrAPS), termed efficacy index (EI) 1, and the egg-output changes, termed EI 2, were used to evaluate drug efficacy.The values of EI 1 ranged between 0% and 50% in sheep, and between 0% and 30% in cattle after treatment with albendazole and netobimin. Similar EI 2 values were observed in sheep receiving albendazole or netobimin, but the highest values were found in cattle treated with netobimin. The significant reduction in the IgG response to FhrAPS found in this study shows promise in terms of developing alternative methods for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy against Fasciola hepatica in grazing ruminants. 相似文献
107.
Baroni MV Nores ML Díaz Mdel P Chiabrando GA Fassano JP Costa C Wunderlin DA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(19):7235-7241
We report the evaluation of the floral origin of honey by analysis of its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile, joined with the use of combined pattern recognition techniques. Honey samples, from five floral origins, were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, selecting 35 VOCs out of the entire profiles, which were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), and K-nearest-neighbor (KNN). Both HCA and SDA were used as exploratory tools to select a group of VOCs representing similitude and differences among studied origins. Thus, six out of 35 VOCs were selected, verifying their discriminating power by KNN, which afforded 93% correct classification. Therefore, we drastically reduced the amount of compounds under consideration but kept a good differentiation between floral origins. Selected compounds were identified as octanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methoxyphenol, nonanal, and 2-H-1-benzopyran-2-one. The analysis of VOC profiles, coupled to HCA, SDA, and KNN, provides a feasible alternative to evaluate the botanical source of honey. 相似文献
108.
Michael Misiko Pablo Tittonell Ken E. Giller Paul Richards 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(1):27-38
It is widely recognized that mineral fertilizers must play an important part in improving agricultural productivity in western
Kenyan farming systems. This paper suggests that for this goal to be realized, farmers’ knowledge must be strengthened to
improve their understanding of fertilizers and their use. We analyzed smallholder knowledge of fertilizers and nutrient management,
and draw practical lessons from empirical collective fertilizer-response experiments. Data were gathered from the collective
fertilizer-response trials, through focus group discussions, by participant observation, and via in-depth interviews representing
40 households. The collective trials showed that the application of nitrogen (N) or phosphorous (P) alone was insufficient
to enhance yields in the study area. The response to P on the trial plots was mainly influenced by incidences of the parasitic
Striga weed, by spatial variability or gradients in soil fertility of the experimental plots, and by interactions with N levels.
These results inspired farmer to design and conduct experiments to compare crop performance with and without fertilizer, and
between types of fertilizers, or responses on different soils. Participating farmers were able to differentiate types of fertilizer,
and understood rates of application and the roles of respective fertilizers in nutrient supply. However, notions were broadly
generated by unsteady yield responses when fertilizers were used across different fertility gradients, association with high
cost (especially if recommended rates were to be applied), association of fertilizer use with hybrids and certain crops, historical
factors, among other main aspects. We identified that strengthening fertilizer knowledge must be tailored within existing,
albeit imperfect, systems of crop and animal husbandry. Farmers’ perceptions cannot be changed by promoting more fertilizer
use alone, but may require a more basic approach that, for example, encourages farmer experimentation and practices to enhance
soil properties such as carbon build-up in impoverished local soils. 相似文献
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Mauricio Velázquez-Martínez Silvia López-Ortiz Omar Hernández-Mendo Pablo Díaz-Rivera Sergio Pérez-Elizalde Jaime Gallegos-Sánchez 《Livestock Science》2010,131(1):73-82
Grazing behavior, diet selection and weight gain of heifers (with or without social models) were assessed in an unfamiliar site containing high plant diversity. The study was performed within a tropical forest ecosystem containing a mixture of grass forb/herb, shrub and tree species. Ten inexperienced crossbred Bos taurus × Bos indicus heifers (7 ± 1 months old) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: naive or naive + social model (sm) and two experienced heifers (16 months old) were assigned to the second group. Naive heifers were bottle-nursed from days 2 to 90 after birth and began grazing at 1 month of age in tropical grass monocultures, while experienced animals had been foraging in sites containing a high diversity of plant species for 3 months prior to the study. Each group grazed in separate paddocks for a 12-week period during the rainy season, and animals were observed using focal sampling from 7:00 to 19:30 h to assess diet composition based on bite counts. Weight gain was assessed every 14 days. Paddocks contained from 1481 to 1789 kg/ha of herbaceous dry matter, enough to support the heifers throughout the study without affecting diet selection. Shrub and tree cover ranged from 55.2 to 58.4% across treatments. Bites per minute were adjusted to a log-scaled quadratic-plateau model and the curves showed no differences between treatments (P = 0.756). However, diet composition differed between groups (P < 0.001), with naive + sm heifers ingesting a greater proportion of trees (P < 0.001) and shrubs (P = 0.02), while naive heifers ingested more forb/herbs (P = 0.02); no difference in grass consumption was observed (P = 0.92). Heifers in both treatments consumed the same plant species (50 from 26 families). Over time, utilization of several plant species increased or decreased (P < 0.05), eventually leveling off for the remainder of the study. Although differences in diet composition were observed, they did not affect overall weight gain (117 and 113 g/day in the naive and naive + sm groups, respectively; P = 0.913). However, initial post-weaning weight loss was avoided in the naive + sm group. Social learning facilitates a higher use of shrubs and trees in tropical pastures containing a high diversity of plant species with different growth habits. As many plant species have high potential as forage, more effort should be placed on developing mechanisms to increase their dietary inclusion by cattle. 相似文献