浅析西京古道沿线客家村落的风水林塘体系

风水林和风水塘是粤北客家古村落重点经营的典型风水要素,不仅能反映粤北地区的乡土自然资源,还与区域内人们的民俗风情、文化信仰息息相关。以西京古道(乳源段)客家村落为研究对象,通过实地调研,分析人工式和自然式风水塘,以及风水林中村口林和龙座林的特征和功能,最终揭示风水林塘体系对区域小气候调节的作用,反映客家村落与自然间的和合关系和人与自然和谐相处的生态智慧,以此说明风水林塘文化复兴在西京古道活化利用中颇具意义。     

APEX模型在淮河流域中上游的适宜性研究

探讨了APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)模型在淮河流域中上游的适宜性。将APEX模型用于淮河流域中上游监测资料较匮乏的3个径流小区,用日径流/产沙的实测值和模拟值校正和验证模型,用校正过的模型评价不同土地管理措施的长期水土保持效益(1981~2005)。在模型校正阶段,3个小区日径流量和产沙量的平均百分误差绝对值(APE)小于20%,平均纳希-苏特克利夫有效系数(EF)大于0.6,平均R2大于0.7;在模型验证阶段,3个小区日径流量和产沙量的平均APE小于12%,平均EF大于0.5,平均R2大于0.7,APEX模型可模拟出径流、产沙的日变异。在水土保持效益评价结果中,与对照(休闲地)相比,管理措施2(林地-水平沟)的径流量平均减少37%,产沙量平均减少89%,管理措施1(林草混交-水平梯田)的水土保持效益要略低于管理措施2,构建水平沟、水平梯田以及增加地表植被是控制该地区水土流失的有效措施。研究结果表明:APEX模型适应性强,可用于预测和评价淮河流域中上游不同土地管理措施下的水土流失,这为资料匮乏地区研究土壤侵蚀提供了一种新的思路和工具。     

几种不同类型土壤有机碳库容大小及周转研究

通过土壤样品的室内培养,运用三库一级动力学理论,分析了沼泽土、草甸土、普通黄棕壤和棕色石灰土4种土壤有机碳库容大小、各碳库平均周转时间及分解动态。结果表明,4种土壤剖面表层和中层有机碳含量分别为8.48~24.53 g/kg,4.02~16.77 g/kg;活性碳占总有机碳含量的0.99%~5.01%,1.31%~1.91%,平均周转时间分别为8.8~14.3 d,10.4~16.5 d;缓效性碳占总有机碳含量的15.88%~59.04%,20.43%~48.36%,平均周转时间分别为1.3~29.1 a,3.6~21.3 a;惰性碳占总有机碳含量的39.97%~79.11%,50.31%~77.66%。不同类型土壤三库有机碳含量均是上层明显大于中层,培养3个月,表层和中层土壤有机碳累计分解量分别达到了165.99~2 429.57 mg/kg,108.04~743.02 mg/kg,4种土壤有机碳分解速率大小顺序:沼泽土>草甸土>棕色石灰土>普通黄棕壤,与活性碳的百分比含量成正相关关系。对培养期间土壤有机碳累计释放量进行拟合,发现三次方程(Y=b0 b1x b2x2 b3x3)能很好地描述其变化趋势,相关性均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。     

亚麻专用除草剂在亚麻田上应用效果研究

为研究亚麻专用除草剂在亚麻田上应用效果,我们在黑龙江省四个种麻区开展了两年小区试验和一年大区对比试验。结果表明：在杂草2—5叶期,亚麻专用除草剂用药商品量1050ml/hm2,喷液量405㎏/hm2,苗后茎叶处理,可以完全控制亚麻田杂草危害。亚麻原茎和种子产量比不除草田分别增产28.41%和39.59%,增加工农业产值5865.35元/hm2;比常规药剂除草田分别增产9.16%和25.28%,增加工农业产值3000元/hm2左右,对亚麻安全,无药害。     

不同单元化运输条件对活体虾夷扇贝存活率及主要营养成分的影响

为研究不同单元化运输条件对活体虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis存活率及其主要营养成分的影响,将净化暂养后的活体虾夷扇贝放入4种不同单元化运输箱中(不加冰聚乙烯保温箱组、加冰聚乙烯保温箱组、低温半导体保温箱组、5℃恒温箱组),测定运输箱内外温度、湿度,以及虾夷扇贝存活率、糖原、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪等指标的变化。结果表明:在密闭的单元化运输条件下,箱内温度及制冷方式影响着活贝的存活率,不加冰聚乙烯保温箱组、加冰聚乙烯保温箱组、低温半导体保温箱组、5℃恒温箱组虾夷扇贝全部死亡的时间分别为48、64、112、104 h;随运输时间的延长,4组虾夷扇贝的糖原、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量总体均呈下降趋势,存活期内不同单元化运输条件下的糖原和粗蛋白质含量均呈显著性差异(P0.05),低温半导体保温箱组和5℃恒温箱组虾夷扇贝的糖原、粗蛋白质含量随时间的变化缓于其他两组,但64~96 h时,低温半导体保温箱组和5℃恒温箱组间粗蛋白质含量无显著性差异(P0.05);存活期内不同单元化运输条件对虾夷扇贝粗脂肪含量的影响不显著(P0.05),但在0~40 h时其脂肪含量随时间变化显著(P0.05);低温半导体保温箱组和5℃恒温箱组虾夷扇贝至糖原、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量较低所需时间为96 h,比不加冰组长56 h,比加冰组长48 h。研究表明,使用半导体和压缩机有效制冷的低温条件可使得活体虾夷扇贝糖原、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪消耗减缓,存活期延长。     

玉米苗期耐低磷基因型的筛选与鉴定

在四川两个生态地区对76个玉米自交系进行了低磷胁迫筛选试验。大田种植条件下,通过对苗期部分性状耐低磷的变异系数、变异范围、平均值以及性状间的相关分析,结果表明:相对生物产量、相对株高、相对茎粗以及叶片缺素指数可作为耐低磷基因型筛选和评价的指标。根据上述指标,发现178、RP125、99S2052-1、99S2052-2、9809-1共5个自交系在两个试验点都表现出较好的耐低磷特性;9792-2、郑58、9508B等36个自交系在两个试验点都表现出低磷敏感特性;99S2052-3、316158、2396、吉842、20FS207等15个自交系对低磷胁迫的反应不稳定。同时还提出了在不同生态地区以偏低含磷量进行大田耐低磷玉米种质的筛选鉴定方法。     

Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Floury Endosperm Mutant fse4

【Objective】Starch is the main energy reserve of rice endosperm. The biosynthesis of starch is complex, requiring a large number of synthetic enzymes and regulators. Screening rice endosperm defective mutants and cloning the underlying genes will lay theoretical basis for starch biosynthesis and its regulation. 【Method】 A stable genetic floury and shrunken endosperm mutant termed as fse4 (floury and shrunken4) were obtained from the mutant library of Ningjing 3 (WT), which was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). An F2 mapping population was generated by crossing the fse4 mutant with Dular (an indica rice variety) and the gene was finally isolated. The floury seeds segregated from the fse4 heterozygous plants were used to observe the morphological features, and the physicochemical properties of the brown rice flour were analyzed. The endosperm structure was observed with a scanning electron microscopy by the semi-thin section technology. The expression of starch synthesis related genes during grain filling was determined by qRT-PCR; Immunoblotting was used to detect the accumulation of proteins related to starch synthesis. The amino acids contents of each mature endosperm were determined with the fully automatic amino acid analyzer.【Result】The 1000-grain weight and grain size were significantly reduced in fse4. Compared with WT, the contents of total starch, amylose and total protein were signi?cantly lower in fse4, while the lipid content was signi?cantly higher. The starch viscosity, breakdown viscosity and setback viscosity of the fse4 mutant were lower than WT. The endosperm of the mutant had many single dispersed starch granules with large spaces between each other. Using 1568 recessive individuals, FSE4 was narrowed down to a 252 kb region. Sequencing revealed a single base substitution in the first exon of the delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), resulting in a conserved amino acid variation. Most of the genes related to starch synthesis were downregulated in fse4 and the protein accumulation related to starch synthase were reduced. The contents of various amino acids in fse4 rice flour were increased or decreased, the total free amino acids contents in fse4 seeds was 2.6 times higher than those in WT. Exogenous proline was applied during the germination of fse4 seeds, and the embryonic lethal phenotype was partially recovered.【Conclusion】FSE4 encode the key rate-limiting enzyme P5CS of proline synthesis, which plays an important role in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids in endosperm and affects the accumulation of starch.     

黑龙江省大豆胞囊线虫种群分布和卵密度研究

对采自黑龙江省35个市县112份大豆田土样,采用蔗糖梯度离心法,研究了大豆胞囊线虫种群分布和种群密度.结果表明:从黑龙江省采集的所有大豆根围土样都检测到了大豆胞囊线虫,各地胞囊线虫的种群密度不同,每100 g干土中的虫卵量差别大,100 g干土中,嫩江县的大豆胞囊线虫卵量多达30 583个,最少的是抚远县,100 g干...     

新疆兵团农二师三十团棉花春播工作顺利结束

截至4月18日,新疆生产建设兵团农二师三十团棉花春播工作圆满结束,速度快、质量好。2011年,三十团近4670hm^2棉花全部采用精量播种和双膜覆盖技术。虽然前期遭遇大雨和低温的影响,推迟了播种时间,但该团开展棉花播种晚春播劳动竞赛和晚春播“先锋文明号机车”竞赛活动,机关各科室领导和工作人员也都深入连队,     

大豆/玉米间作模式及施肥水平对大豆霜霉病及大豆与玉米生长的影响

研究了大豆/玉米间作模式及施肥对大豆霜霉病的发生发展及大豆与玉米生长的影响.结果表明:大豆/玉米间作能够显著降低大豆霜霉病的发病率和病情指数;而且在间作体系中,施肥处理大豆霜霉病的发病率和病情指数均低于未施肥处理.大豆/玉米间作显著影响大豆和玉米的生长,不同施肥处理间大豆和玉米的地上部生物量差异显著.施肥显著促进玉米的...