Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

反思HPAI疫情频发探讨行业应对策略

自2003年12月26日至2005年11月14日,全世界共报告126人感染禽流感病例,其中64人死亡。2004年1月27日,我国首次公布确诊湖北鄂州、广西隆安等地发生高致病性禽流感(HPAI)疫情。2005年5月至11月30日,我国的青海、湖南、安徽、新疆等地又相继发生高致病性禽流感疫情30起,发生的疫情已得到较好的控制,确诊有3例人感染禽流感病例,其中2例死亡。近两年频发的高致病性禽流感疫情给我国家禽养殖业带来了严峻挑战。疫情发生后,家禽生产销售均普遍受阻。汉川广东温氏家禽有限公司是湖北省家禽养殖的龙头企业,年出栏肉鸡1000多万只,60%在湖北省内销售…     

Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature

This study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat‐type KNCs (Hanhyup‐3, 4‐week‐old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week feeding trial. During overall period (0–6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0–3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3‐hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat‐stress tolerance of the chickens.     

多氯联苯对鱼肝功能的影响、机制及防治

多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是水体环境中广泛分布的典型持久性有机污染物,可通过食物链富集进入鱼、人及其他动物体内,并在脂肪中积蓄,严重危害机体健康,能引起生物体突变、畸变甚至癌变,引起了极大的关注。文章主要综述了PCBs对鱼类肝功能的影响、作用机理及预防PCBs对鱼类生长发育的毒害,旨在为搞好水体环境,保护和发展可持续的渔业提供参考依据。     

2015年山东省某鸭场腺病毒病的暴发调查

2015年11月30日,山东省西北地区某鸭场报告其饲养的17 600只鸭子在1个多月内陆续发生不明原因的大规模死亡。经初步调查发现,鸭在死亡之前没有明显的临床症状,大多仅表现精神萎靡,多次用药后均无明显效果。截至调查时,已累计死亡约3 600只。为详细了解该鸭场的发病情况,分析该病的风险因素,以便及时提出防控建议,通过现场调查和实验室检测相结合的方式,开展了本次疫情暴发调查。调查结果显示,该鸭场暴发了腺病毒病;起因是鸭苗在引进前已感染了腺病毒,引入后又遇雨雪天气,气温骤降,同时场内饲养管理不合理,卫生条件差,防控措施不当,导致多种细菌继发感染,从而加剧了疫情。针对鸭场存在的病原,对症用药,对可能的相关风险因素进行了控制,随后疫情得到了有效控制。     

野生植物白沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究

对白沙蒿的生物学特性、化学成分及开发应用进行了综合研究，结果表明：白沙蒿是理想的抗旱、防沙和固沙植物；含有丰富的营养物质，可作为畜牧业的重要饲料；有较高的药用价值和工业利用前景，对该植物资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

草地农业生态系统的自组织特性

根据自组织理论探讨了草地农业生态系统的6个自组织特性，即草地农业生态系统的结构性、有序性、非线性、开放性、非平衡性和涨落性。认为，草地农业生态系统是一个自组织系统；它只有不断地与外界进行物质、能量和信息的交换及系统内部的协同效应，才能产生结构和功能的有序状态；对草地农业生态系统的调控，必须抓住物质和能量输入的控制，特别是要控制系统内部生态的、经济的、技术的因素以及生产劳动因素之是的协同效应。     

从甘肃奶业发展趋势看草业发展的前景

本文从甘肃的特点论述了“尽快把畜牧业发展成一个大产业”，抓住以退耕还林还草为重点的西部大开发机遇，大力发展草业，加快实现种植业“二元结构”向“三元结构”的转变。大力发展奶业，草业和奶业的结合是历史的必然。     

无线电追踪技术在地下啮齿动物研究中的应用

营地下生活的啮齿动物被誉为陆地生态系统的工程师,但其长期栖居于地下的生活习性难以被人们直接观察,给动物行为学和生态生物学等研究带来了挑战。随着科学技术的发展,无线电技术的小型化和轻量化为地下啮齿动物研究提供了可行性。国外学者已成功将无线电追踪技术应用于对地下啮齿动物洞道系统、活动节律、巢域面积变化以及社群制度等的研究。但国内将其应用于地下啮齿动物研究的较少。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,对无线追踪技术的研究内容和研究方法进行综述,以期为我国地下啮齿类研究提供参考。     

干法膨化宠物饲料技术参数关系的研究

采用双螺杆膨化机干法工艺对宠物全价粉状饲料进行膨化并制粒,研究所得产品的容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度指标之间的关系,以及设备参数和配方特性对颗粒饲料容重的影响。结果表明:容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度密切相关;设备参数与配方特性均对产品容重有极显著影响;通过容重的测定估测其熟度和硬度具有可行性;可以通过调节喂料速度和膨化玉米比例控制产品容重。