2018年山东省猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体流行病学调查

为了解2018年山东省猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)感染情况,对山东省99家猪场共2 240份血清样品进行了PRV gE-ELISA抗体检测。结果:猪场PRV gE抗体阳性率为82.83%(82/99),样本血清gE抗体阳性率为61.74%(1383/2240),而且春季样品阳性率最高,冬季较低。哺乳母猪血清阳性率最高,可达96.00%,其次是种公猪和后备母猪,表明该地区PRV野毒感染率依然较高,制定科学合理免疫程序并加强该病综合防控十分必要。     

植物多糖的提取及对双歧杆菌的增殖作用

采用水提法提取枸杞、红枣、甘薯、淮山4种植物原料及花菇多糖,正交设计优化提取条件,并将植物提取多糖用于双歧杆菌的增殖试验。结果表明,植物多糖提取优化条件,加水比例分别为:枸杞、红枣1∶10,花菇1∶15,甘薯1∶3,淮山1∶9;提取温度:80～95℃;提取时间1～3h。5种原料在优化条件下的多糖提取率相对于植物取样质量分别为:枸杞51.8%、红枣53.2%、花菇28.2%、甘薯18.8%、淮山18.3%。5种原料提取多糖对双歧杆菌的增殖作用:菌体在对数生长期生长速率常数(R)提高135%～85%,世代时间(G)缩短56%～44%。     

利用Kriging插值方法研究山东龙口北马镇农田土壤养分的空间变异

以山东省龙口市北马镇1 000 hm2的科技示范区为研究区,在地理信息系统平台ArcGIS上,采用Geostatistical Analyst地统计分析模块中的Kriging插值方法研究土壤养分的空间变异性.该分析过程中,发现影响分析工作结果精度的是Kriging插值模型的选择及Cross-Validation交叉验证法的检验与系数修正.数据分析结果表明,龙口市北马镇0～20 cm耕层土壤中碱解氮、速效钾含量空间相关性中等,速效磷含量具有强烈的空间相关性,有机质含量空间相关性较弱.     

燃料组分和分子结构对NO_x生成的影响

生物柴油的主要组分含有不饱和双键,分子碳链较长,含氧量在10%左右,这些特殊的燃料组分和分子结构对NOx的形成有重要影响。为了探讨燃料组分和结构对NOx排放的影响规律,运用Chemkin软件中的闭式均相反应器模型,模拟了元素组成相同或相近、分子结构类似的若干组物质NOx的生成,考察了饱和程度、碳链长度、含氧量对NO,NO2生成和燃烧温度的影响。研究结果表明,双键数量越多,燃烧温度升高,NOx的生成速率越快,NOx的生成量越大;较长的碳链在一定程度上能抑制NOx的生成;较高的含氧量能促进燃烧温度的升高,导致NOx生成量增大。     

广东畜牧业产业化经营利益生成和分配机制的问题与对策

提出畜牧业产业化经营的发展是畜牧业产业化经营产业链各成员之间利益生成和分配的合作与博弈过程，产业链是否稳定决定于利益分配是否合理，产业链各成员是否实现了个体利益分配的最优化，从而实现产业链效益的最大化。指出广东畜牧业产业化经营的健康发展离不开产业链利益生成和分配机制的不断优化，离不开市场的导向作用、法律制度的完善和政府的宏观调控作用。     

Tape-Arabidopsis Sandwich - a simpler Arabidopsis protoplast isolation method

Background  

Protoplasts isolated from leaves are useful materials in plant research. One application, the transient expression of recombinant genes using Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts (TEAMP), is currently commonly used for studies of subcellular protein localization, promoter activity, and in vivo protein-protein interactions. This method requires cutting leaves into very thin slivers to collect mesophyll cell protoplasts, a procedure that often causes cell damage, may yield only a few good protoplasts, and is time consuming. In addition, this protoplast isolation method normally requires a large number of leaves derived from plants grown specifically under low-light conditions, which may be a concern when material availability is limited such as with mutant plants, or in large scale experiments.     

甜菜个体发育规律及其高产高糖对策栽培技术研究

甜菜营养生长过程中，依据根、叶生长及糖分积累特点，将其个体发育划分为４个时期：块根分化形成期、叶丝快速生长期、块根膨大期、糖分积累期，从协调根产量与含糖率关系出发，欲建立合理的群体结构，其高产高糖农艺措施制定，必须考虑对甜菜生产力影响最大的亩株数、块根含糖率、叶丛初期干物质分配率及糖分积累期叶面积指数４个因子，故提出了灌溉农业对策栽培应围绕前促后控、肥促水控的原则进行     

Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the mature period on the reproduction performance of Taiwan Native Chicken cockerels

One-day-old Taiwan native male chicks were fed with maize-soybean rearing diets without supplemental vitamin E to 23 weeks of age. From 23 to 52 weeks of age, the cockerels (n = 90) were assigned at random to 5 dietary treatments and fed with maize-soybean diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate). Pullets (225) of the same age were fed with standard diets throughout. They were artificially inseminated with one dose of 0.04 ml/bird intact and 5-fold diluted pooled semen at 31 to 43 weeks of age and at 49 weeks of age, respectively. The criteria evaluated included: semen quality, fertility and maximum and effective duration of fertility, blood characteristics, body and testes weight. Supplemental vitamin E did not affect cockerels' effective duration of fertility and percentage of fertility. However, when pullets were inseminated with diluted semen, supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E increased the maximum duration of fertility at 49 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving 40 to 160mg/kg supplements had higher sperm viability and motility after 39 weeks of age and those fed 80 mg/kg had higher sperm concentration at 39 weeks of age. Cockerels receiving supplements of more than 40 mg/kg vitamin E had higher body weight gain. Plasma cholesterol and testosterone were not affected by supplemental vitamin E. However, plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentration was lower in cockerels fed 160 mg/kg. Lack of supplemental vitamin E over 39 weeks was associated with lower semen quality but did not reduce the proportion of fertile eggs laid by inseminated hens, perhaps because the insemination dose compensated for low sperm quality. We found that the maximum duration of fertility might be improved by supplementing 160 mg/kg vitamin E at 49 weeks of age.     

磷化铝间歇熏蒸防治鱼粉螨类的研究

本研究介绍了饲料鱼粉螨类的有效防治方法．采用11．5g／m2的磷化铝片剂，分两次间歇熏蒸大量孳生螨类和昆虫的棉纱布袋和编织袋包装的鱼粉，达到了有效杀灭鱼粉中大量孳生的粉尘螨、跗蠊螨、齿蠊螨、河野脂螨、食根嗜木螨、马六甲肉食螨、转开肉食螨、特氏肉食螨等8种螨类和烟草甲、白腹皮蠹、拟白腹皮蠹、赤颈郭公虫、赤足郭公虫、黑菌虫的效果。     

甲壳素诱导黄瓜抗霜霉病初步研究

以不同分子量甲壳素为试材,研究了甲壳素诱导黄瓜对霜霉病的抗性.结果表明:不同相对分子质量、不同浓度的甲壳素均能诱导黄瓜抗霜霉病,其中以高分子量甲壳素200倍液、中分子量甲壳索800倍液和低分子量甲壳索800倍液效果最好,防效分别为39.3％、41.7％、42.9％,且第二次施药后诱导抗病性明显增强.