水资源联合调度模型在额济纳绿洲生态环境建设中的应用

对日趋缺水的额济纳绿洲,进行河水与地下水进行联合运用的目的是:减少水资源浪费,恢复生态水位,保护绿洲。按照国家水利部(1997)496号文件:《现状工程条件下黑河干流水量分配方案》(简称“97甘蒙分水方案),不同保证率下分配给内蒙古的水量。根据狼心山水文断面入境水量丰枯变化的分析结果,建立水资源联合调度模型,对四种不同来水方案进行计算。结果表明,执行“甘蒙分水”,采用内蒙长衬砌渠道输水,当保证率P=50%时,入境狼心山水量为7.527×108m3,到2020年地下水位埋深回升到2.35m,相应绿洲面积将扩大到5005.01km2,绿洲植被总盖度可达到58%。基本满足天然非灌溉林草的需水,逐步回补到生态要求的限定水位,使绿洲逐步得到恢复。     

动物锰营养中含锰超氧化物歧化酶研究进展

锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)是一种催化超氧阴离子自由基发生歧化反应 ,生成氧和过氧化氢的重要含锰金属酶。本文对MnSOD的分布、结构、活性、基因表达以及动物饲粮锰及其它因素对MnSOD的调节等进行了综述 ,以期推动锰营养学的进一步深入研究     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌研究进展

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌 (T Pm)是引起猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的主要病原菌。对 T Pm的检出及高效疫苗的研制是根除猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的关键。产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素是一种皮肤坏死毒素 ,也是一种活性很强的有丝分裂原 ,单独就可引起细胞 DNA的合成及分裂。基于此毒素的特性 ,已经建立了诸如豚鼠皮肤坏死实验、小鼠致死实验、细胞促生长实验、胎牛肺细胞毒性实验、EL ISA及 PCR等方法来检测产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌。随着人们对产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌毒素活性的研究 ,猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎的疫苗也逐渐向更安全、有效的毒素疫苗发展。文章主要对 T Pm的检测方法、毒素生物学活性及疫苗的发展进行了概述     

反刍动物甲烷生成量的调控

反刍动物体内甲烷的产生是瘤胃发酵能损失的主要原因,减少甲烷产量对提高反刍动物的能量利用率和环境保护均具有重要意义。因此,本文就反刍动物甲烷生成的机制及影响其生成量的因素等方面做一综述,并对降低甲烷生成量的调控方式进行了分析和展望。     

鸡源嗜酸乳扞菌的筛选

试验从健康雏鸡嗉囊、小肠、盲肠等部位分离到12株乳酸菌,通过试验筛选出了1株乳酸菌,初步鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌,并对其耐酸、抑菌生物学特性进行初步研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌具有强耐酸性和黏附性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑菌作用。     

家畜毛色形成分子基础及应用研究进展

动物毛色是一种容易被识别的表型,也可作为筛查某些疾病的有效手段。毛色主要由黑色素细胞产生的真黑色素和棕黑色素的分布、比例和产生速率所决定。许多基因对黑色素的产生和分布起着重要调控作用,各基因间的不同基因型形成多种基本毛色、淡化毛色和花斑。此外,miRNA靶向结合毛色主效基因mRNA,诱导抑制/增强其转录翻译过程,从而调控毛色基因的表达,影响黑色素合成。文章简述了家畜调控毛色的主效基因黑色素皮质素受体1（MC1R）、野灰位点信号蛋白（ASIP）、原癌基因（KIT）、酪氨酸酶关联蛋白（TYRP）、小眼畸形相关转录因子（MITF）和内皮素受体B（EDNRB）的DNA序列多态性（不同基因型）与毛色性状、疾病之间的关系;介绍了毛色形成相关miRNA挖掘鉴定、miRNA调控毛色相关基因研究进展与毛色基因研究应用价值,旨在为今后研究家畜毛色机理提供理论依据。     

Preparation and Identification of Canine Parvovirus NY Strain VP2 Protein Polyclonal Antibody

This study was aimed to prepare canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 protein polyclonal antibody.The recombinant expression vector pET28a-CPV-VP2 was constructed and transfromed into E.coli BL21 (DE3),the expression of recombinant proteins was induced by IPTG from which the fusion protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.The target protein was purified and emulsify with adjuvant,the prepared immunogen was inoculated into rabbit by subcutaneous injections to prepare of VP2 protein specific polyclonal antibody.The immuno-activity,titers,neutralization titers of the prepared polyclonal antibody were determined by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA).The results showed that the expressed recombinant protein VP2 (rVP2) existed in the form of inclusion body with a molecular weight of 72 ku.The prepared polyclonal antibody titer was 1 600 dilution,the virus titer was 10⁷ TCID₅₀/mL,the neutralizing titer was 1∶2 884.The antibodies showed specific reaction with CPV.In conclusion,rVP2 specific polyclonal antibody showed wonderful immunocompetence,specificity and neutralizing activity,providing foundation for the development of genetic vaccine and clinical therapeutic method.     

伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株gG^—／LacZ^＋突变株的构建

以从湖北某猪场分离鉴定的鄂A株为亲本，提取其基因组DNA，克隆含gG基因的SphI/KpnI片段，然后将LacZ基因融合到gG启动子下游，得到重组质粒pUSKZ,将重组质粒与鄂A株基因组共转染PK－15细胞，待细胞完全病变后，在X－gal存在下，作蓝斑筛选纯化。经斑点杂交和PCR扩增证实得到的是基因型为gG^-/LacZ^ 的重组伪狂犬病病毒。     

不同生境种源盐地碱蓬幼苗生长发育对盐分胁迫的响应和适应

为探讨盐地碱蓬适应不同生境的生理机制,研究了不同盐分处理(0,200和400 mmol/L的NaCl;0,200和400 mmol/L的KCl)对盐碱地和潮间带两种种源盐地碱蓬的生长发育、植株离子积累、叶片光合荧光指标和植株抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,200 mmol/L的NaCl处理使盐地碱蓬的地上部鲜重、干重、肉质化程度显著增加,400 mmol/L的NaCl处理和两种浓度的KCl处理使盐地碱蓬的鲜重、干重、肉质化程度显著降低。不同浓度的NaCl处理使盐地碱蓬地上部Na⁺和Cl^-含量显著增加,K⁺含量显著降低;不同浓度的KCl处理使盐地碱蓬地上部K⁺和Cl^-含量显著增加,Na⁺含量显著降低。200 mmol/L的NaCl处理对碱蓬叶片的净光合速率、光合放氧速率、F_v/F_m值和φPSⅡ值无明显影响,而KCl处理则使碱蓬叶片各光合荧光参数显著降低。低浓度(200 mmol/L)NaCl处理使碱蓬SOD活性显著增加,但高浓度(400 mmol/L)NaCl处理和两种浓度的KCl处理均使碱蓬SOD活性显著降低。两种离子的不同浓度处理均使碱蓬POD活性显著增加。潮间带种源盐地碱蓬的地上部鲜重、干重、肉质化程度、光合荧光参数、地上部离子含量(Na⁺和Cl^-)均显著低于盐碱地生境。钾盐对盐地碱蓬的胁迫效应显著大于钠盐。盐碱地生境种源盐地碱蓬对盐分胁迫的响应显著高于潮间带。