Residues of tetrachlorvinphos and its breakdown products on treated crops. III.—Residues on a range of field crops

A wide range of crops including top fruit, cereals, brassicas, root vegetables and cotton from field trials in several countries in 1965, 1966, 1967 and 1968 have been analysed for residues of tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona, trans-homer of dimethyl 1-(2′,4′,5′-trichlorophenyl)-2-chlorovinyl phosphate) foliar insecticide, its isomer and its potential breakdown products. The residues under field conditions were mainly of tetrachlorvinphos, its isomer and 1-(2′,4′,5′-trichlorophenyl)ethan-1-ol in free and sugar-conjugated forms. Tetrachlorvinphos was not unduly persistent on the crops and its initial half-life varied from 2 days on cabbage, to 7 days on potato foliage and to 12 days on pears (after the last of five applications). From one week after the final application onwards the highest residues of tetrachlorvinphos observed were on olives (1 ppm after 18 days after a single application of 0·1 % active material), maize leaf (2·8 ppm at 9·5 weeks after the last of two applications at 3 kg/ha), and cabbage (1·9 ppm at 12 days after the last of three applications at 0·5 kg/ha). The maximum residues of the alcohol in the free form were 3·2 ppm on maize leaf at 8 weeks from the second application at 1·5 kg/ha and in the conjugated form were 1·0 ppm on cauliflowers at 6 days after the last of four applications at 0·5 kg/ha.     

A procedure for pulmonary lavage in mice.

A method for the pulmonary lavage of mice is described. The procedure includes exsanguination of anesthetized mice by severting the renal artery, inserting a tracheal catheter in situ, and repeatedly injecting and aspirating 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Protein was recovered from the cell-free lavage fluid even after a given mouse was lavaged several times. The major part of the protein, however, was obtained with 1-ml washes repeated 3 times. Approximately 0.563 mg of protein was recovered by the procedure from a 29-g mouse. Four lavages per mouse yielded approximately 2.9 x 106 free cells.     

Primary and secondary bone tumours in the dog

During a 14-year period (January 1962 to December 1975), 394 primary and secondary tumours or tumour-like lesions affecting bones were diagnosed in the dog. The most frequently occurring tumour was osteosarcoma (183, 46.5%), followed by chondrosarcoma (forty-four, 11.2%), squamous cell carcinoma (thirty-nine, 10%), fibrosarcoma (thirty-one, 7.8%), multiple myeloma (fourteen, 3.6%), haemangiosarcoma (fourteen, 3.6%), malignant melanoma (thirteen, 3.3%), synovioma (nine, 2.3%), lymphosarcoma (eight, 2.0%), cartilage analogue of fibromatosis (seven, 1.8%), adaman-tinoma (five, 1.3%), osteocartilaginous exostosis, ossifying fibroma, rhabdomyosarcoma (four each), polyostotic cyst, haemangiomatosis (three each), odontoma, tumoral calcinosis (two each), and osteoma, chondroma, desmoid fibromatosis, and malignant mesenchymoma (one each).
Of these, desmoid fibromatosis, malignant mesenchymoma, and haemangiomatosis have not been previously reported in the dog.     

A selective medium for improving quantitative isolation ofTrichoderma spp. from soil

ATrichoderma-selective agar medium (TSM) was developed for quantitative isolation ofTrichoderma spp. from soil. Selectivity was obtained by using chloramphenicol as a bacterial inhibitor, and pentachloronitrobenzene, p-dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate and rose-bengal as selective fungal inhibitors. The TSM also contains a low concentration of glucose which still allows relatively rapid growth and sporulation ofTrichoderma, enabling convenient and rapid identification ofTrichoderma colonies. All the 15Trichoderma isolates tested formed colonies and grew well on this medium. Recovery ofTrichoderma from artificially inoculated soils was high and was not affected by soil type or by other microorganisms. A positive correlation was observed betweenTrichoderma added to soil and counts ofTrichoderma colonies on TSM plates. When combined with a soil pellet sampler, the selective medium was also used successfully for recovery of the indigenousTrichoderma population of natural soils.