黄瓜新品种‘粤丰’

 ‘粤丰’是由早熟抗病的‘豫优4号’为母本,与‘渝亮3号’杂交育成的华北型黄瓜一代杂种。生长势强,主侧蔓结瓜,雌花节率高,回头瓜多。瓜条顺直、美观,长棒形,瓜长38.0 cm,横径3.8 cm,肉厚1.2 cm,单瓜质量约390 g,皮色深绿,光泽度好,刺白,瘤小而密,肉质脆,味微甜,商品性好,耐热,抗病、抗逆性强。适合华南地区春秋季种植。     

脐橙叶片矿质营养元素含量的分区分布特征

为揭示矿质营养元素在脐橙叶中分区分布特征,以枳砧和枳橙砧纽荷尔脐橙为对象,测定新叶和老叶的叶尖、叶缘、中部、叶基和翼叶等5个分区中10种元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B)的含量,并分析各分区离子组成的差异。主成分分析显示,第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)分别解释了总变量的43.4%和21.1%,明确区分了新叶和老叶,大致区分了叶不同分区,发现新叶翼叶与其他分区具有明显差异,而老叶本叶各分区的离散程度明显大于新叶本叶各分区。两种砧木脐橙新叶中钾含量分布表现为翼叶叶基中部叶缘≈叶尖,镁含量表现为叶尖≈叶缘中部叶基翼叶;两种砧木脐橙老叶中锰含量表现为叶尖≈叶缘中部叶基翼叶,硼含量表现为叶尖叶缘中部叶基翼叶。N、P、B在新叶本叶各分区以及P、Ca在老叶本叶各分区间含量都没有显著差异。枳砧脐橙新叶翼叶Mn、Cu和Zn的含量与叶片其他分区没有显著差异,而枳橙砧脐橙新叶翼叶Mn、Cu和Zn的含量都分别显著低于叶片其他分区。结果表明,不同元素叶片分区分布特征存在明显差异,翼叶的元素含量和离子组成与叶片其他分区差异明显。     

茶树蛋白激酶基因CsCIPK的克隆与表达特性分析

以茶树品种‘龙井43’作为材料,利用RT-PCR方法,从茶树的cDNA中克隆得到1个编码蛋白激酶的基因,命名为CsCIPK。序列分析表明,CsCIPK开放阅读框长度为1 341 bp,编码446个氨基酸,蛋白质分子量为414234。蛋白功能域预测和多重对比显示,CsCIPK蛋白含有1个保守的N端激酶结构域和1个相对不保守的C端调节结构域,即丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶结构域和NAF结构域。理化性质、亲/疏水性、无序化分析显示,CsCIPK属于疏水性蛋白,理论等电点为7.04,有4段无序化区域,其二级结构分析显示主要由α螺旋、不规则卷曲组成。通过实时荧光定量PCR对‘龙井43’和‘安吉白茶’中的CsCIPK表达特性进行分析。结果显示‘龙井43’中CsCIPK的相对表达量在高温、干旱及盐处理4 h、低温处理24 h时达到最高。‘安吉白茶’中CsCIPK的相对表达量在高温及盐处理4 h、低温及干旱处理1h时达到最高。CsCIPK在‘龙井43’的根中,‘安吉白茶’茎中表达量最高。不同浓度的GA和IBA处理‘龙井43’茶苗,结果显示0.2 mmol·L-1 GA处理后,CsCIPK表达量先升高后下降,6 d时处理组为对照组的62倍;0.6 mmol·L-1 IBA处理后,CsCIPK的表达量在3 d时显著高于对照组;不同浓度GA和IBA处理后,9 d时CsCIPK表达量均显著低于对照。     

NRF2 attenuates oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced H9C2 cells

AIM:To study the effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) on oxidative stress injury and lysosomal dysfunction in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced rat myocardial H9C2 cells. METHODS:The H9C2 cells were treated with DOX. The expression of NRF2 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The H9C2 cells stably over-expressing NRF2 were established by lentiviral infection. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to identify the efficiency of over-expression. After DOX treatment, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell supernatant were detected. FITC-dextran was used to analyze lysosomal pH, and the protein expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and cathepsin B was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The expression of NRF2 at mRNA and protein levels in DOX-treated H9C2 cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of NRF2 in DOX-treated H9C2 cells (P<0.05). After DOX treatment, the cell viability was decreased, and LDH activity was increased. The activity of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT was decreased, and the content of MDA was increased (P<0.05). The lysosomal pH was increased, and the protein expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B decreased (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 increased the cell viability, decreased LDH activity, increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and decreased the content of MDA in cell supernatant (P<0.05). Over-expression of NRF2 also decreased the lysosomal pH, and increased the protein expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:DOX inhibits the expression of NRF2 in the myocardial H9C2 cells. Over-expression of NRF2 attenuates oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction in the H9C2 cells induced by DOX.     

Effect of Jieyuwan on depression-like behaviors and expression of BDNF in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of WKY rats

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of depression and its development, and to study the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with Jieyuwan. METHODS:Adult male WKY rats were used as an animal model of endogenous depression. Wistar rats of the same strain were selected as control group. WKY rats were randomly divided into model group, citalopram group and Jieyuwan group. After intragastric administration for 21 d, the changes of depression-like behaviors were observed by sucrose preference test and forced swimming test. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS:WKY rats showed significant depression-like behaviors, and the expression of BDNF was significantly decreased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (P<0.01). The reduction of neuronal axons in hippocampus was also observed. After drug treatment, the depression-like behaviors of WKY rats were significantly attenuated, and the expression of BDNF and the number of axons were increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Jieyuwan effectively attenuates the depression-like behaviors of WKY rats, and BDNF is a key factor in its antidepressant effect. Our findings further confirm the involvement of BDNF in the development of depression.     

百香果品种‘紫香1号’果实糖、酸和维生素成分分析

为深入了解‘紫香1号’百香果成熟果实中的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素组分及含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定各组分的含量。结果表明:‘紫香1号’百香果中的可溶性糖主要为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,各糖分之间差异显著,其中蔗糖含量最高,达38.52mg/g,属蔗糖积累型;有机酸包括苹果酸、丙二酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸,各有机酸之间差异显著,以柠檬酸含量最高,达0.995 mg/g,属柠檬酸优势型;维生素包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生素C和维生素E,各种维生素之间差异达显著水平,其中维生素E含量最高,为430.61 mg/kg。可见,‘紫香1号’百香果含有丰富的可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素,具有较高的甜度和酸度值,故果实成熟时鲜食口感酸甜,风味浓郁。     

两段式花生摘果特性试验研究

为探明两段式收获条件下花生摘果特性,提高花生联合收获机的收获质量,以江苏宿迁地区天府9号为试验对象,应用室内与田间试验相结合的研究方法,研究收获期影响摘果特性的主要因素,揭示花生荚果含水率、晾晒时间、果柄力学特性和摘果作业质量的内在关系。结果表明:基于不同的试验条件与方法,果柄拉断力有所差异,但随晾晒时间(含水率)变化趋势一致,在晾晒2~3天时,果柄拉断力达到峰值,且秧柄节点拉断力大于果柄节点;确定最佳摘果时间为晾晒5~6天,并经捡拾联合收获机摘果试验验证。研究结果为摘果装置的结构参数和运动参数提供了直接依据,并为两段式收获模式下最佳捡拾摘果时间提供了参考,同时为深入研究摘果效率与摘果损失提供了参考。     

我国农用无人机发展概况与展望

近年来,随着我国农业结构的转变与调整,农业生产对农业机械的需要也从普遍的耕作机械、收获机械、农副产品加工机械等方面扩展到了农用无人机。无人机在有动力源的情况下,能通过操控来执行多种作业任务,可广泛应用于农业生产,主要用途体现在植保作业、林业监测、作物授粉及牧群定位等方面。为此,介绍了农用无人机的分类、国内外农用无人机的技术发展概况和现状,以及其在农业领域的应用,阐明了其在我国的发展前景,指出了其在发展过程中存在的一些问题,并提出了相应的发展建议。     

捆草机电气控制系统的设计研究——基于MCGS与单片机技术

以呼伦贝尔市蒙拓农机科技股份有限公司生产的9YG-1.3型圆草捆打捆机为样机,针对其控制部分存在自动化程度低、草捆边缘布网太松、操作繁琐及需人工手动计数等问题,运用昆仑通态MCGS编程软件和Keil u Vision4软件,设计了一款以单片机系统为控制核心,以MCGS触摸屏为人机界面,配备各种相应传感器和控制输出硬件的自动控制系统。该系统通过人机监控界面,实现了对捆草机运行状况的实时监控。试验结果表明:本控制系统有效地解决了捆草机的灵活布网问题与计数问题,并可以实时进行停车、开仓门、关仓门与报警声亮提示,提高了捆草机的工作效率和自动化水平。     

D形截面螺旋输送机输送颗粒物料的实验研究

在可控转速的情况下运输粉末或者颗粒等松散物料时,因其机构简单,螺旋输送机被广泛应用于林业、农业等多种背景下的短距离提升或水平运输物料。为此,采用实验方法,针对改进后的D形截面筒的输送机进行输送颗粒物料的研究,结果表明:输送的质量流速率随着输送转速的增加而增加,随输送角度的增大而降低。另外,螺距和颗粒物料的粒径也对质量流速率有影响:大螺距的输送质量流速率较大,且随着输送倾斜角度的增大,螺距对质量流速率的影响减小;大颗粒的质量流速率大于小颗粒,且随着输送倾斜角度增加差距增大。