3种保藏方法对66种大型真菌活力影响

对斜面低温保藏法、胶塞封口保藏法和石蜡油保藏法在180 d里保藏50种野生大型真菌和16种栽培食用菌的效果进行评价,期间每隔45 d对菌丝活力进行检测。结果表明:胶塞封口保藏法对大部分保藏菌株的保藏效果都比较好,只有脐顶小皮伞保藏效果比较差。斜面低温保藏法比较适合短期1～2个月保藏菌株。石蜡油保藏法对菌丝活力有较大影响,但适合长时间保藏菌株。     

宿根矮化病菌对甘蔗品质及茎、叶超微结构的影响

 甘蔗宿根矮化病(Ratoon Stunting Disease, RSD)是由Leifsonia xyli subsp.xyli (Lxx)引起的,是目前世界所有植蔗地区危害性极大的病害之一。本实验以甘蔗品种新台糖22号(ROC22)健康植株为对照,感染RSD植株为处理,观察和测定RSD侵染甘蔗引起的蔗株农艺性状、蔗糖分以及茎、叶超微结构的变化。结果表明:(1)感染RSD种茎的出苗率比对照减少2.94个百分点;株高比对照下降28.85 cm;茎径比对照减少0.28 cm;节间长度比对照减短3.50 cm;单茎重比对照低0.36 kg。(2)感染RSD植株的蔗糖分低于对照0.9个百分点(绝对值)。(3)利用透射电镜技术对感染RSD植株茎、叶细胞超微结构进行观察表明,叶片叶肉细胞、维管束鞘细胞及茎细胞内的细胞器及细胞核都发生了明显的病理变化。与健康叶片相比,叶绿体变形,叶绿体基质片层大部分消解,基粒结构消失,叶绿体外膜和内膜剥离。线粒体形态异常,有的肿大、内嵴模糊,严重者内嵴消失并空泡化,仅剩未被消解的残骸;细胞核形态变为不规则,核膜破裂,染色质分布不均匀,呈降解状态。在感染RSD甘蔗茎维管束导管细胞内积累有大量的电子致密物质,细胞壁有不同程度的溶解和断裂,这可能和RSD病原细菌侵染有关。以上结果表明:RSD侵染甘蔗后,可能导致光合效率下降,对水分和营养物质的运输能力降低,从而导致甘蔗品质和产量的降低。     

苇状羊茅褐斑病化学防治研究

采用常规喷雾法,选择室内药剂筛选中抑菌效果较好的5种杀菌剂,25％丙环唑乳油、75％百菌清、70％甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲50％悬浮剂、70％代森锰锌,对高羊茅草坪进行了褐斑病的田间防治试验.结果表明:施药频率对高羊茅草坪褐斑病的防治效果有显著影响,施药频率越高,草坪病级指数越低,草坪质量越好;其中,施药2次/月的甲基硫菌灵的田间防治效果最好;丙环唑+百菌清+代森锰锌复合药剂的防治效果比较稳定并且较高;丙环唑+异菌脲的防治效果最差,甚至低于对照水平.草坪病级指数与草坪质量存在显著的相关性(P＜0.05);病情指数与草坪质量可用线性方程Y=4.829-0.037X表示(Y:草坪质量;X:病情指数,％).试验证明,预防高羊茅褐斑病的药剂应首选甲基硫菌灵,丙环唑+百菌清+代森锰锌的复合杀菌剂次之,施药频率应维持在至少每月2次.     

大数据时代木材科学与工程专业卓越工程师培养新方式的探索

分析大数据时代的到来对经济、贸易等领域产生巨大的影响,探索研究由大数据技术引领的人才培养和考核的新方式,以期为大数据应用于卓越工程师计划提供参考.     

Expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in CPP reinstatement rats induced by morphine

AIM: To investigate the role of excitatory amino acid transporter 3(EAAT3) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in morphine relapse by detecting the changes of EAAT3 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in conditioned place preference (CPP) reinstatement rat model induced by morphine.METHODS: Forty adult male SD rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 rats each: control group, CPP establishment group (Es), CPP extinction group (Ex), reinstatement 2 h group (Re2) and reinstatement 4 h group (Re4).Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of morphine was applied at a constant dose (10 mg/kg) for 10 days to the established CPP model.Normal saline instead of morphine was used to induce CPP extinction for 10 days.CPP was reinstated following a single priming injection of morphine (2.5 mg/kg).After the CPP behavior test, the rats were sacrificed, and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were collected for detecting the levels of EAAT3 by Western blotting.RESULTS: The accumulated time the rats spent in the drug-paired chamber was significantly longer in Es group, Re2 group and Re4 group than that in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex significantly decreased both in Es group and Re4 group (P<0.05).No significant change of EAAT3 in hippocampus among groups was observed (P>0.05), while EAAT3 in hippocampal CA1 area significantly increased in Es group and Ex group as compared with control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex decreases both in CPP establishment and reinstatement models, indicating that down-regulation of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex may partly participate in the formation of opium relapse.     

辣椒新品种‘农城椒3号’

‘农城椒3号’是鲜食粗羊角形辣椒早熟一代杂种,适合在北方辣椒产区栽培。植株生长势强,抗病性好。连续坐果能力强,平均单株坐果29个。果实长16.4 cm,粗2.7 cm , 肉厚0.39 cm,单果质量26.5 g。商品果浅绿色,微辣。产量可达60 000~67 000 kg·hm-2。     

Changes of plasma endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor in patients undergoing cerebral digital substration angiography

AIM: To investigate the effects of cerebral digital substration angiography (DSA) on the expression of endothelin-1(ET-1) and von Willebrand factor(vWF) in vascular endothelial cells from the patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: The plasma levels of ET-1 and vWF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 108 patients before, immediately and 24 h after cerebral DSA. RESULTS: The plasma level of endothelin-1 significantly increased immediately and 24 h after cerebral DSA as compared with that before the procedure (P<0.05). The level of vWF was not changed before and after operation. CONCLUSION: The marked and sustained increase in endothelin-1 plasma level after cerebral DSA is probably related to mechanical endothelial injury by the procedure of cerebral DSA.     

辣椒新品种-农城椒4号.

'农城椒4号'是鲜食粗羊角形辣椒早熟一代杂种,适合在北方辣椒产区栽培.植株生长势强,抗病性好.连续结果能力强,平均单株结果21个,果长17.9 cm,果横径2.58 cm,果肉厚0.44 cm,单果质量30.6 g.商品果绿色,辣味适中,产量可达65 000～70 000 kg·hm-2.     

不同遮荫度对观赏辣椒苗期形态和生理生化指标的影响

研究了遮荫度20%、40%、60%、80%,对照为正常光照下观赏辣椒苗期的形态和生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:在不同遮荫度下,观赏辣椒的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽表现出显著或极显著差异,其中在遮荫度20%下,GS3-1和GS2品种的株高和株幅达到最大值;在遮荫度40%下,其叶长、叶宽达到最大值。随遮荫度增大,观赏辣椒和P101体内MDA含量呈现上升的趋势;生物量增量呈现完全降低趋势;叶绿素相对含量和POD酶活性呈现逐渐降低趋势;可溶性蛋白表现出不规律的变化。遮荫改变了观赏辣椒苗期的形态和生物量增量,同时生理生化指标也相应发生了变化,观赏辣椒在苗期对光环境具有一定的适应能力,严重遮荫不利于其后期正常生长发育。     

不同辣椒品种种子发芽期耐盐性差异分析

以4个类型的8个辣椒品种为试材,分析了辣椒种子发芽期耐盐性的差异。结果表明:相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数和相对活力指数均能区分不同辣椒品种的耐盐性,并且均与综合评价值呈极显著相关关系;不同辣椒品种种子发芽期的耐盐性表现出极显著差异,其大小顺序为尖椒>朝天椒≈线椒>甜椒。