基于QuEChERS净化-气相色谱法检测蔬菜中16种有机磷农药残留

建立了蔬菜中16种有机磷农药的气相色谱检测方法,探讨不同色谱柱、衬管、基质效应对分析效果的影响,检测了Qu ECh ERS净化管对16种农药的吸附情况,利用乙腈超声抽提,Qu ECh ERS法净化,采用火焰光度检测器(FPD)气相色谱法测定了植物性食品中16种有机磷农药的残留量。该方法回收率为84.0%~104.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~3.2%。16种有机磷类农药的测定检出限为0.001~0.008mg/kg,定量限为0.003~0.024 mg/kg。16种农药运用TR-1701分离柱能完全分离,氧化乐果、乙酰甲胺磷、甲胺磷等在TR-PESTICIDEⅡ柱上有严重的拖尾现象。超高惰性衬管比普通脱活衬管减少的样品基质效应强;韭菜对16种有机磷农药有不同程度的基质减弱或增强效应;净化结果前后无显著差异。该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适于蔬菜中16种有机磷农药残留量的分析。     

剑川县野生菌资源及可持续发展潜力研究

剑川县有丰富的野生菌资源。调查发现该县常见的野生菌有166种,79属,65.7%是菌根菌,其中美味牛肝菌(Boletu edulis)、铜色牛肝菌(B.aereus)、茶色牛肝菌(B.brunneissimus)、灰褐牛肝菌(B.griseus)、松苞菇(Catathe-lasma ventricosum)、松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)、变绿红菇(Russula virescens)、松乳菇(Lactarius deliciosus)、红汁乳菇(L.hatsudake)、鸡油菌(Cantharellus cibarius)、黄鸡油菌(C.aurora)、羊肚菌(Morchella sp.)是主要的贸易真菌。同时在调查中注意到剑川野生菌资源存在过度利用、不科学采集及违规贸易等问题,针对出现的问题提出了改进的方法及可持续发展建议。     

熊果酸与血清白蛋白的结合反应机制研究

采用荧光光谱法研究牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和人血清白蛋白(HSA)与熊果酸(UA)分子之间的结合作用机制。基于荧光猝灭法测定反应的结合常数(K)分别为:KUA-BSA=0.335 7×105L/mol,KUA-HSA=0.244 3×105L/mol,依据F嵀rster非辐射能量转移机制确定授体-受体间的结合距离(r)及能量转移效率(E)分别为:rUA-BSA=0.73 nm,rUA-HSA=0.88 nm,EUA-BSA=0.17,EUA-HSA=0.18;通过同步荧光技术确认熊果酸结合血清白蛋白反应过程中对其构象的影响并不显著,应用荧光相图技术解析得出血清白蛋白与熊果酸结合反应中蛋白质折叠变化型态为"二态"模型。此外,探讨金属离子Ni(Ⅱ)存在下熊果酸与血清白蛋白的结合反应,得到相互作用机制具有一定差别的结论。     

不同施氮水平下水稻穗上不同部位籽粒的蒸煮与营养品质变化

以中熟籼稻扬稻6号和中熟粳稻武育粳3号为材料,研究了不同施肥水平下稻米蒸煮及营养品质在穗上不同粒位籽粒间的差异及其分布特点。 总体而言,穗下部一、二次枝梗籽粒的胶稠度较低,直链淀粉含量较高;穗中、上部一、二次枝梗的胶稠度较高,直链淀粉含量较低。在同一个枝梗上,二次枝梗上早开花的第1粒的胶稠度最高,穗子中、上部一次枝梗迟开花的第2粒的直链淀粉含量较高。扬稻6号穗中部一次枝梗籽粒的粗蛋白含量较低,穗上、下部枝梗上籽粒的粗蛋白含量较高;而武育粳3号一次枝梗和二次枝梗籽粒的粗蛋白含量在穗上、中、下三部位间无明显差异。从不施氮到少量施氮（120 kg/hm2）,稻米的胶稠度和粗蛋白含量增加,直链淀粉含量降低。但从少量施氮（120 kg/hm2）到中等施氮（240 kg/hm2）,稻米的胶稠度降低,直链淀粉和粗蛋白含量有不同程度增加。     

中华绒螯蟹血淋巴抗凝剂的筛选

选用草酸钾等 10种抗凝剂对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴进行抗凝试验，结果表明，1．67倍抗凝剂 8(0．23 mol/LNaCl、0．17mol/L葡萄糖、50．00mmol/L柠檬酸三钠、43．33mmol/L柠檬酸、16．67mmol/LEDTA- Na₂，pH5．5)为中华绒螯蟹血淋巴一种比较理想的抗凝剂，当抗凝剂与血淋巴体积比为 2∶5时，这种抗凝剂不仅能有效延长中华绒螯蟹血淋巴的凝固时间达69．8min以上，而且还能较好地维持中华绒螯蟹血细胞形态的完整性。     

Study on Plant Morphological Traits and Production Characteristics of Super High-Yielding Soybean

Super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14, soybean cultivars from Ohio in the United States, and the common soybean cultivars from Liaoning Province, China, with similar geographic latitudes and identical pod-bearing habits were used as the study materials for a comparison of morphological traits and production characteristics to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of improved super high-yielding soybean cultivars. Using a randomized block design, different soybean cultivars from the same latitude were compared under conventional and unconventional treatments for their production characteristics, including morphological traits, leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthesis rate, and dry matter accumulation. The specific characteristics of the super high-yielding soybean cultivar Liaodou 14 were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height of Liaodou 14 was significantly lower than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, whereas the number of its main-stem nodes was higher than that of the cultivars from Ohio or Liaoning. A high pod density was observed in Liaodou 14 under conventional treatments. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, the branch number of Liaodou 14 was markedly higher than that of the common cultivars from Liaoning, and its branch length and leaf inclination angle were significantly higher than those of common cultivars from Liaoning or Ohio. Only small changes in the leaf inclination angle were observed in Liaodou 14 treated with conventional or unconventional methods. Under each treatment, Liaodou 14 exhibited the lowest amplitude of reduction in SPAD values and net photosynthesis rates from the grain-filling to ripening stages; the cultivars from Ohio and the common cultivars from Liaoning exhibited more significant reductions. Liaodou 14 reached its peak LAI later than the other cultivars but maintained its LAI at a higher level for a longer duration. Under both conventional and unconventional treatments, Liaodou 14 produced a higher yield than the other two cultivars, with significant differences from the Ohio cultivars. In summary, super high-yielding soybean cultivars have several main features: suitable plant height, high pod density, good leaf structure with strong functionality, and slow leaf senescence at the late reproductive stage, which is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and improved yield.     

寒区规模猪场粪污沼气处理研究

采用沼气池建于圈舍底下及地采暖等保温增温方式可行,它能确保寒区冬季沼气池正常运行。研究结果表明,经过本文介绍的方式处理后,冬季该沼气池池内温度仍维持在24℃以上;沼气池对CODcr、BOD5等总体去除率较高,但出水NH3-N浓度高于进水,处理水与《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)还有一定差距。     

不同品种薄壳山核桃花期特性研究

通过对4个不同品种(Mahan、Pawnee、钟山25、金华)薄壳山核桃花期特性的观测,结果如下:(1)4个品种在4月底至5月初相继进入雌花初期,其中Mahan最早进入初花期,最佳可授期持续5～7d;(2)4个品种雄花散粉时间均较短,仅持续3～5d,其中Pawnee在5月2日最早开始散粉,其他3个品种均在5月中旬散粉;(3)观测4个品种的雄花散粉期和雌花可授期的相遇情况,得出适宜的授粉组合:分别为Mahan×金华、Mahan×Pawnee、Pawnee×钟山25、Pawnee×Pawnee.     

施用菇渣对土壤微生物、土壤肥力及夏玉米产量的影响

在大田条件下,以夏玉米郑单958为试验材料,设置了10 000 kg/hm2 (LM)、15 000 kg/hm2(MM)、20 000 kg/hm2(HM)3个菇渣施用量处理,以不施菇渣为对照(CK),研究菇渣施用量对土壤微生物、土壤肥力以及玉米产量的影响.结果表明,施入菇渣的土壤中可培养细菌、放线茼、真菌数量比对照提高68.0％～133.3％ (P＜0.01)、60.0％～95.2％(P＜0.01)、29.4％～47.1％;土壤总有机质、活性有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均表现为HM＞MM＞LM＞CK,分别比对照提高14.7％～25.0％(P＜0.05)、35.3％～47.1％ (P＜0.01)、9.7％～13.8％(P＜0.05)、17.6％～25.6％ (P＜0.01)、9.6％～15.7％,活性有机质/总有机质由14.7％提高到17.2％～17.6％;HM、MM、LM 3个菇渣处理的玉米产量较对照增加9.62％、9.18％、7.07％ (P＜0.05).表明施用菇渣对提高土壤微生物数量、土壤养分含量和夏玉米产量有显著效果.     

闽东茶区茶叶稀土残留量分析

检测了闽东地区不同茶区茶叶稀土含量,并对不同茶区和不同类型茶叶残留稀土含量进行显著性分析。结果表明,闽东地区茶叶稀土残留量均未超过国家限定指标(≤2.0 mg.kg-1),福安市和寿宁县茶区四季茶叶稀土含量平均值高于福鼎市、宁德市蕉城区以及柘荣县茶区;不同类型茶叶中,乌龙茶稀土残留量最高,而白茶残留量最低。