啤酒糟发酵产高蛋白饲料菌种的配伍

以啤酒糟为主要原料,采用多菌种混合固态发酵生产蛋白饲料,并通过菌种的配伍实验对发酵产蛋白饲料菌种的组合进行优化,试验结果表明:挑选的8株菌都能在以啤酒糟为唯一底物的平板上生长,并且菌种最佳组合为固氮菌、白地霉、绿色木霉、啤酒酵母、热带假丝酵母等5株菌,其发酵后的蛋白质含量为31.45%,粗蛋白为39.22%,无机氮转化率为56.42%。     

不同植物蛋白源日粮对山羊血液氮素代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究不同植物蛋白源日粮对山羊血液氮素代谢的影响。选择3头体况良好安装有颈动脉、门静脉和肠系膜静脉插管的徐淮白山羊,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,以3种植物蛋白饲料-豆粕(A)、棉粕(B)和玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(C)作为蛋白源。结果表明:不同蛋白源日粮显著影响动脉和门静脉中尿素氮浓度(P<0.05);显著影响肠系膜静脉中总15N、蛋白态15N和氨基酸态15N丰度(P<0.05),且血液中15N丰度均为C组>A组>B组;各处理组间门静脉排流组织(PDV)和肠系膜排流组织(MDV)中总15N和蛋白态15N净流量差异均不显著(P>0.05),但不同蛋白源日粮显著影响PDV和MDV组织中游离氨基酸态15N净流量,且均以C组最高;各处理组中总游离氨基酸(TFAA)和总肽结合氨基酸(TPAA)浓度均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。综合上述,徐淮白山羊以玉米干酒糟及其可溶物作为植物蛋白源比豆粕和棉粕效果更好。     

细粒棘球蚴Eg95s基因的串联表达及表达系统优化

为研制新型棘球蚴病基因工程疫苗,根据GenBank公布的细粒棘球蚴Eg95基因序列,针对其中一段348 bp高度亲水的优势表位序列设计引物,扩增Eg95s基因,利用同尾酶法基因同向串联方案,获得3拷贝Eg95s串联体。分别用两种表达载体pGEX-6p-1和pET-32a构建重组质粒,转化入3种大肠杆菌表达宿主BL21(DE3)、Rosseta(DE3)和Origami (DE3),对其进行IPTG诱导表达,经免疫印迹分析结果表明,均能正确表达具有免疫原性的Eg95s蛋白。通过重组蛋白的表达量、可溶性、纯化方法等方面的比较,对Eg95s重组表达系统的载体及宿主菌进行了优化,结果表明,3拷贝的串联Eg95s在以pET-32a为表达载体,Rosseta(DE3)为宿主菌的系统中表达最佳。最终获得了表达量高、可溶性好、纯化方便的Eg95s重组蛋白表达系统,为大规模生产棘球蚴病基因工程疫苗提供了科学依据。     

Effects of electroacupuncture on intraocular pressure and hemodynamic parameters in isoflurane anesthetized dogs

The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated in isoflurane anesthetized 10 (5 males, 5 females) normal mongrel dogs (8.1-9.8 kg, 6-8 years old). After determination of baseline IOP and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate and systemic vascular resistance index), EA was applied at 3 acupoints (LI-4, LIV-3 and GB-37) for 20 min. After the EA treatment, IOP was significantly decreased in the both eyes (p<0.05). However, there were not significant differences in hemodynamic parameters between those of before and after EA treatment. From these results, the EA treatment at LI-4, LIV-3 and GB-37 would be considered one of the valuable methods for the IOP treatment in dogs.     

Cutaneous lymphoma in a juvenile dog

Abstract: An 18-month-old male Doberman Pinscher was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine for an erythemic nodular mass on the right forelimb. The mass was diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoma, based on cytologic examination of a mass aspirate and histopathology. Using immunohistochemistry the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3 but negative for CD79a, E-cadherin, and pancytokeratin, confirming their origin as T lymphocytes. No tumor recurrence was noted 18 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a solitary nodular form of cutaneous lymphoma in a young dog.     

Epizootiologic survey for Babesia microti among small wild mammals in northeastern Eurasia and a geographic diversity in the beta-tubulin gene sequences

We previously reported that small wild rodents in Japan harbor two types of novel Babesia microti-like parasites (designated as Hobetsu and Kobe types), but not the type commonly found in the northeastern United States (U.S. type) where human babesiosis is endemic. To determine whether these new types of parasites are distributed in places surrounding Japan, an epizootiologic survey was undertaken in three geographically distant areas in northeastern Eurasia; South Korea, Vladivostok in Russia, and Xinjiang in China. Blood samples were collected from a total of 387 animals comprising 24 species. DNAs extracted from the samples were tested by nested PCR targeting babesial nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene (rDNA), which revealed that small rodents harboring B. microti exist in all three survey areas. Sequence analysis showed that all PCR-positive samples had rDNA sequences virtually identical to that of U.S.-type B. microti. However, when beta-tubulin gene sequences were compared, evident geographic variations were seen. By use of primers specific for each of the beta-tubulin genes of Kobe-, Hobetsu-, and U.S.-type parasites, a type-specific PCR was developed. Parasite with Hobetsu- or Kobe-type sequence was not detected from any of the three survey areas. These findings suggest that U.S.-type B. microti is widely distributed among small wild mammals in temperate zones of not only North America, but also Eurasia, whereas that Hobetsu- and Kobe-type parasites may be uniquely distributed in Japan.     

Genotypic prevalence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence in Escherichia coli isolates in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea in Korea

A total of 1002 Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea on 1114 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of five fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), heat-stable (STa, STb) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1), and Shiga toxin 2 oedema disease (Stx2e) genes. Twenty-three (2.3%) of the 1002 E. coli isolates carried the gene for AIDA. Among 23 isolates shown to carry genes for AIDA, three carried the AIDA gene as the only shown virulence factor. Other isolates carried other virulence factor genes in addition to AIDA. Four isolates carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins. Sixteen isolates carried genes for enterotoxins only. The AIDA may represent an additional virulence determinant in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea.     

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood parameters,fecal microbiota,fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood parameters, fecal microflora shedding, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal based diet. A total of 150 weaning pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.85 ± 0.93 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments based on BW and sex (10 replicate pens with five pigs, two gilts and three barrows) were used in this 42‐day trial. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) X1, basal diet +0.005% xylanase; (2) X2, basal diet +0.01% xylanase. The xylanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), and gain : feed ratio (G:F) from days 29 to 42 and the in overall period, dry matter, nitrogen and energy digestibility, and fecal Lactobacilli counts, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission. Additionally, at weeks 5 and 6, there was a linear decrease in fecal score with xylanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, shifted microbiota by increasing fecal Lactobacillus counts, decreased BUN concentration, fecal score, and fecal NH₃ and H₂S emission in weaning pigs.     

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.