猪圆环病毒与胸膜肺炎放线杆菌混合感染的诊治

2019年3月,大庆某规模化猪场个别猪出现发育不良、咳喘、消瘦、皮肤苍白和呼吸困难等症状,随后出现死亡。为明确发病原因,降低损失,对送检病死猪进行临床症状观察、剖检及实验室检测,并对病原菌进行药物敏感性试验。检测结果为致病性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒混合感染所致,分离的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对阿莫西林和头孢唑高度敏感。本研究为养殖场饲养猪的死亡病因分析和防治提供了参考。     

Protective influence of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa preserved at 17°C

Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and energy metabolism plays an important role in modulating sperm viability and function. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class that regulates metabolic flexibility and glucose uptake in various cell types, but its effects on boar sperm metabolism are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of rosiglitazone against time‐dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 17°C. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) containing different concentrations of rosiglitazone, and the motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm were detected. Besides, we measured glucose uptake capacity, l ‐lactate production level, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production of sperm after boar semen had been incubated with or without rosiglitazone, iodoacetate (glycolysis inhibitor) and rotenone (electron transport chain inhibitor) for 5 days. The addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced sperm quality and had a strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity during storage. BTS containing 50 μM rosiglitazone maintained the total motility of liquid‐preserved sperm above 60% for 7 days. Rosiglitazone improved sperm quality by regulating energy metabolism manner of preserved sperm, protected the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced sperm ATP production and in the meanwhile reduced mROS through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. The data suggested the practical feasibility of using rosiglitazone for improving boar spermatozoa quality during semen preservation.     

低聚原花色素对高温环境下肉鸡抗氧化酶及胸肌品质的影响

作者旨在研究低聚原花色素（oligomeric proanthocyanidins,OPC）对夏季肉鸡体内抗氧化酶及胸肌品质的影响。将144只28日龄的AA肉用公鸡分为4个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。分别饲喂含0、50、100、200 mg/kg OPC的4种日粮,饲养于7月中旬高温季节,试验持续3周。研究结果发现,100、200 mg/kg OPC显著提高肉鸡血清、肝脏中的SOD、GSH-Px酶活性（P<0.05）,但对CAT酶无显著影响。100、200 mg/kg OPC显著降低血清CK酶的活性（P<0.05）,50 mg/kg以上OPC显著降低血清、肝脏中的MDA含量（P<0.05）,同时200 mg/kg OPC显著提高肉鸡胸肌pH_i,100、200 mg/kg OPC显著降低胸肌L*值、滴水损失和剪切力值（P<0.05）,不同剂量OPC对pH_u、肉色a*值和b*值的影响未达到显著水平。研究结果表明,低聚原花色素可上调肉鸡体内的抗氧化酶,降低体内脂质过氧化物的含量,维持肌纤维膜的完整性。这种作用可能与二氢杨梅素改善胸肌肉色、滴水损失和嫩度有关。     

青岛八大关园林植物多样性研究

把植物生态学的研究方法应用于园林植物群落,调查分析青岛八大关公共绿地园林植物群落的物种多样性,结果表明:八大关公共绿地有园林植物93种,隶属于42科69个属,其中频度较高的主要是刺槐、紫荆和砂地柏.乔木Margalef丰富度指数平均值为2.05,灌木Margalef丰富度指数平均值为1.36,Shannon-Wienner多样性指数为3.69,Pielou均匀度指数为0.93,可以看出乔木层比灌木层丰富度高,多样性指数相对较高.     

茎枯病菌毒素对芦笋愈伤组织防御酶活性的影响

以‘阿波罗’‘冠军’和‘NJ987’3个芦笋品种的愈伤组织为试材,研究了茎枯病菌毒素对芦笋愈伤组织防御酶活性的影响及再生苗抗性的诱导效应。结果表明:3个芦笋品种愈伤组织在茎枯病菌毒素胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均较对照显著升高。其中SOD、POD、PPO活性均呈先迅速升高,稍有下降后再次升高的趋势,并分别在第2、8天先后出现2个峰值。CAT活性在第2天达到峰值,之后呈降低趋势。‘冠军’愈伤组织PAL在接种后2d内迅速升高达到峰值,之后一直保持较高水平;‘NJ987’和‘阿波罗’愈伤组织PAL则分别在第2、4天后才开始迅速上升,在第8天时达到峰值。经毒素处理后存活的愈伤组织再生苗对茎枯病菌的抗性增强。     

一株东北油豆角枯萎病菌拮抗芽孢杆菌的筛选与鉴定

以东北油豆角枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.phaseoli)为靶标菌,采用平板对峙培养和盆栽防效试验方法,从作物根际土壤中筛选对其具有较强拮抗活性的菌株;通过形态学观察及生理生化特性测定,并利用16SrRNA基因、gyrB基因序列分析等方法对拮抗菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明:筛选出的拮抗菌株LZF-5-3为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus);在盆栽条件下该菌株对油豆角枯萎病的防效为71.42%。     

莲藕加工废料综合利用研究进展

综述了莲藕加工废料的主要营养成分和综合利用研究进展,介绍莲籽壳和莲藕渣的主要成分是纤维素、多糖、淀粉等;对其有效成分的提取及作为食用菌、基质等产品加工的原辅料,提出废料综合利用存在的问题及对策。     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.     

一起动物卫生监督执法人员“涉嫌玩忽职守罪”的案例分析

本文对一起因动物卫生监督执法人员执法不当,导致小反刍兽疫疫情的扩散,造成较大经济损失,而以"涉嫌玩忽职守罪"起诉的案例进行了分析讨论,探讨了执法办案人员在案件办理过程中存在的问题,总结了办案经验,并提出了相关建议。     

棉株载铃量对其主要生育性状的影响

采用 熟性不同 的３ 个陆 地棉 品种 ,在 肥水 充 足的 生 长条 件下 ,研 究了 棉 株不 同载 铃 量对其主要 生育性状 的影响 。结果表 明, 棉株 载铃 量 对株 高、果枝 总长 、果 节总 数均 有 极强 的 影响 ,其影响强 度随载 铃量的增 加而增加 ,累积 影 响量 随棉 株 生长 发 育时 间的 延 长而 增大 ;但 棉株 载 铃量对主茎 节数、果 节平均长 度影响 不显 著。 由此 分析 了 蕾铃 脱 落和 棉株 旺 长之 间的 关 系,以 及 棉株在一定 地力条 件下适宜 的单株载 铃量。