The expression pattern and histological distribution of sialyltransferases ST3Gal III in yellow chicken

In chicken, ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2, 3-sialyltransferase III (ST3GAL III) is one of the key enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of avian influenza virus receptors. Knowledge about ST3Gal III could increase our understanding of its function in the occurrence and development of avian influenza. To date, no detailed data have been published about the expression pattern and histological distribution of ST3Gal III in chicken. This paper presents data on the nucleotide sequence, mRNA expression pattern and histological distribution of ST3Gal III protein in yellow chicken for the first time. The results show that the nucleotide homology of ST3Gal III among yellow chicken and turkey, chicken, cattle, humans, swine, mouse, rat and chimpanzee was 98 %, 92 %, 75 %, 59 %, 70 %, 76 % and 75 %. The relative expression level of ST3Gal III in the heart, kidney and brain of yellow chicken was significantly higher than in other tissues examined for mRNA level (P?<?0.05). The histological distribution of ST3Gal III in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, thymus and bursa of Fabricius was determined by immunohistochemical staining using rabbit anti-chicken ST3Gal III IgG prepared by us. Interestingly, the epithelial reticular cells in the immune organs proved to be positive, which may suggest that these cells are important immune cells playing a role in influenza virus infection. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on the functions of ST3Gal III in chicken.     

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to Spiroplasma eriocheiris and identification of a motif expressed by the pathogen

Tremor disease (TD) has been found to be a lethal epidemic in Chinese mitten crab during recent years. A new species of spiroplasma, Spiroplasma eriocheiris (S. eriocheiris), was identified as the pathogen causing TD. In order to acquire appropriate biological tools for characterizing this newly discovered pathogen, we developed a new S. eriocheiris specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6H7. The antibody showed high binding affinity to S. eriocheiris (K_a = 6.25 × 10⁸ M^?1) and it bound to the adhesin-like protein (ALP41) of S. eriocheiris in Western blot analysis. Screening of a commercially available 12-mer linear peptide library by using 6H7 as bait led to isolation of a consensus sequence (FQGINHYNQMER). The clone displaying this sequence exhibited a significant, dose-dependent binding to 6H7 and inhibited the binding of S. eriocheiris to 6H7, suggesting a similar epitope between the sequence and S. eriocheiris. Homology searches and multiple sequence alignments indicated moderate homology between the consensus peptides and the ALP of S. eriocheiris. Thus, an internal image of 6H7 binding epitope might be buried in ALP41 of S. eriocheiris. In conclusion, 6H7 is a promising mAb to identify S. eriocheiris and the consensus sequence can be used in future research on the characterization of S. eriocheiris and its pathogenesis.     

小鼠Dazl基因融合蛋白表达载体的构建及转染

根据NCBI数据库上公布的小鼠Dazl基因的mRNA序列设计引物,以小鼠睾丸组织RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增小鼠Dazl基因编码区片段,并将其克隆到增强型绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C1中,构建重组融合蛋白表达载体pEGFP C1-Dazl,单双酶切和测序验证正确.将pEGFP-Cl-Dazl质粒转染293和NIH 3T3细胞,荧光显微镜下观察到融合表达的绿色荧光蛋白,且呈胞质表达;对照组转染pEGFP-C1,绿色荧光遍布整个细胞.Dazl蛋白的免疫荧光试验也证明重组载体转染后,Dazl基因和GFP共同定位于胞质部分.pEGFP C1-Dazl融合蛋白表达载体的成功构建为进一步研究生殖特异性基因Dazl在小鼠和大型动物的表达特性奠定了一定的基础.     

Replication characteristics of swine influenza viruses in precision-cut lung slices reflect the virulence properties of the viruses

Precision-cut lung slices of pigs were infected with five swine influenza A viruses of different subtypes (A/sw/Potsdam/15/1981 H1N1, A/sw/Bad Griesbach/IDT5604/2006 H1N1, A/sw/Bakum/1832/2000 H1N2, A/sw/Damme/IDT5673/2006 H3N2, A/sw/Herford/IDT5932/2007 H3N2). The viruses were able to infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells. The infection of well-differentiated respiratory epithelial cells by swine influenza A viruses was analyzed with respect to the kinetics of virus release into the supernatant. The highest titres were determined for H3N2/2006 and H3N2/2007 viruses. H1N1/1981 and H1N2/2000 viruses replicated somewhat slower than the H3N2 viruses whereas a H1N1 strain from 2006 multiplied at significantly lower titres than the other strains. Regarding their ability to induce a ciliostatic effect, the two H3N2 strains were found to be most virulent. H1N1/1981 and H1N2/2000 were somewhat less virulent with respect to their effect on ciliary activity. The lowest ciliostatic effect was observed with H1N1/2006. In order to investigate whether this finding is associated with a corresponding virulence in the host, pigs were infected experimentally with H3N2/2006, H1N2/2000, H1N1/1981 and H1N1/2006 viruses. The H1N1/2006 virus was significantly less virulent than the other viruses in pigs which was in agreement with the results obtained by the in vitro-studies. These findings offer the possibility to develop an ex vivo-system that is able to assess virulence of swine influenza A viruses.     

河套灌区农业废弃物资源量估算及综合利用分析

河套灌区是我国重要的商品粮油基地和养殖区,农业废弃物资源丰富,但其资源化利用率较低.本文以内蒙古巴彦淖尔市五原县为例,通过对其近年来的畜禽粪便和农作物秸秆产量及资源化利用现状进行分析,探究其可利用潜能及适宜的综合利用模式.结果表明:1)五原县种植以向日葵和玉米为主,秸秆资源可利用量逐年递增,2018年秸秆资源总量为99...     

等离子体处理大豆对化肥利用率的影响

为探索等离子体处理大豆对化肥利用率的影响、最佳方法和增产机理，进行了等离子体处理大豆对化肥利用率的试验。试验采用5种剂量、7个处理三次重复随机排列。苗期调查处理根数比CK1多1.8~2.9条。处理间株高变化不明显。结荚期、成熟期干物质的化验分析和测产，结果表明处理1.0A×2和1.5A×2的剂量能促进大豆吸收养分，(N＋P2O5＋K2O)总量比CK1提高10%以上；比CK1提高化肥利用率，提高氮、磷、钾肥利用率为25.2%~32.9%、3.0%~6.7%和 7.5%~13.5%。明确处理1.0A×2的剂量，比CK1增产11.0%，效果显著。     

如何做好高校合并中的档案工作

近几年来,随着高等教育事业的发展,我国一些高校已经进行了调整与合并,而档案工作作为高校整体事业的组成部分,是办好学校的重要基础工作之一,高校合并必然会对其产生巨大的影响,并提出新的要求。1高校合并给高校档案工作带来不可多得的     

紫外胁迫对棉铃虫成虫保幼激素的影响

采用高效液相色谱法,测定了紫外(Ultraviolet,UV)胁迫对棉铃虫体内保幼激素JHI、JHII和JHIII的影响。结果表明:棉铃虫体内JHI、JHII和JHIII的滴度均随着日龄的变化发生了显著的改变,与1日龄相比,CK、1h/d、5h/d组在2、3、4日龄时的JHI、JHII和JHIII滴度均升高,其中1h/d和5h/d组的JHI、JHII和JHIII滴度在2日龄时达到最高值,且达到显著水平,然后均随着日龄的增大逐渐下降,9h/d组JHI、JHII和JHIII滴度则随着日龄的增大显著降低;棉铃虫体内JHI、JHII和JHIII的滴度随着UV照射时间的延长均发生了显著的变化,当照射时间为5h/d和9h/d时,2～5日龄棉铃虫体内的JHI、JHII和JHIII滴度显著低于对照水平,不同日龄虫体内的JHI、JHII和JHIII滴度均在9h/d时达到最低;此外,日龄与UV照射的交互作用均达到显著水平。     

秸秆饲料化全细胞纤维素酶的构建及应用

为提升秸秆饲料的品质,通过构建全细胞酿酒酵母纤维素酶,探究全细胞纤维素酶用于秸秆饲料化的应用前景。通过与其他青贮菌剂对比用于秸秆饲料化发酵,比较分析全细胞酿酒酵母纤维素酶在秸秆饲料化中的应用效果。试验发酵条件设置为：发酵温度28℃,发酵时间14 d,真空厌氧发酵。结果表明：与乳酸菌发酵相比,纤维素酶与乳酸菌混合发酵的玉米秸秆铵态氮/总氮比没有明显上升（P>0.05）,因此不会造成饲料中的蛋白过量分解;纤维素含量显著下降（P<0.01）,相比未发酵秸秆下降15.03个百分点,比乳酸菌发酵效果提高一倍以上,与商用青贮剂发酵效果相当;半纤维素含量相比未发酵秸秆下降2.70个百分点。研究表明酿酒酵母全细胞纤维素酶与乳酸菌混合处理秸秆,可提高纤维素酶酶解效率,有效减低秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素含量,酶解产物可加速乳酸菌发酵进程,全细胞酶可增加秸秆单细胞蛋白含量,实现玉米秸秆发酵效果、营养价值和利用效率的同步提升。