Linkage analysis and integrated software GAPL for pure-line populations derived from four-way and eight-way crosses

Pure lines derived from multiple parents provide abundant variation for genetic study.However,efficient genetic analysis methods and user-friendly software are still lacking.In this study, we developed linkage analysis methods and integrated analysis software for pure-line populations derived from four-way and eight-way crosses.First, polymorphic markers are classified into different categories according to the number of identifiable alleles in the inbred parents.Expected genotypic probability is then derived for each pair of complete markers, and based on them a maximum likelihood estimate(MLE) of recombination frequency is calculated.An EM algorithm is proposed for calculating recombination frequencies in scenarios that at least one marker is incomplete.A linkage map can thus be constructed using estimated recombination frequencies.We describe a software package called GAPL for recombination frequency estimation and linkage map construction in multi-parental pure-line populations.Both simulation studies and results from a reported four-way cross recombinant inbred line population demonstrate that the proposed method and software can build more accurate linkage maps in shorter times than other published software packages.The GAPL software is freely available from www.isbreeding.net and can also be used for QTL mapping in multi-parental populations.     

四面山不同人工林枯落物储量及其持水特性研究

通过调查分析重庆四面山5种人工林的林下枯落物储量,研究了各林地枯落物持水特性。结果表明:5种人工林林下枯落物储量及其持水量均表现出:分解层>半分解层>未分解的变化趋势。在相同林龄条件下,石栎×木荷混交林林下枯落物储量最高(246.94 t/hm2),其次是杉木×马尾松混交林(202.79 t/hm2)和枫香×木荷×石栎×香樟×灌木混交林(191.82 t/hm2),杉木人工纯林(39.73 t/hm2)最低。试验研究的5种林地中,石栎×木荷混交林林下枯落物的24 h最大持水量最大,为254.28 t/hm2,杉木×马尾松混交林(191.72 t/hm2)和枫香×木荷×石栎×香樟×灌木混交林(168.21 t/hm2)次之,杉木人工纯林最小,仅为31.66 t/hm2。经统计分析,试验5种林下枯落物未分解层、半分解层和分解层三者持水量与浸泡时间之间均符合为W=aln(t) b,且三者的吸水速率与浸泡时间之间亦符合S=ktn的关系式。研究表明,石栎×木荷混交林林下枯落物是5种林地中持水性能最好的一种,而杉木人工纯林枯落物持水性能最差。     

新疆生产建设兵团葡萄种植布局综合评价研究

葡萄是新疆生产建设兵团林果业的主导产业之一,兵团葡萄在新疆和全国占有重要地位。本研究在基于层次分析法的鲜食葡萄生态适宜性评价、综合比较优势指数的鲜食葡萄比较优势分析和成本收益的市场需求分析基础上,开展的兵团鲜食葡萄种植布局综合评价,研究结果表明：鲜食葡萄优良种植区域集中在天山北麓、伊犁河谷与吐哈盆地的农四师、农六师、农八师、农十三师等为鲜食葡萄重点生产地区,评价结果与生产实际总体相一致,为兵团鲜食葡萄种植布局优化提供可量化的参考依据。     

科研机构大型仪器设备共享问题研究

大型科学仪器设备共享是节约财政资金、合理配备资源、促进科技工作发展的一项重要举措。现实管理中,大型仪器设备共享仍然存在着资产重复配置、资源整合度不够、共享意识不高、评价激励机制不完善等问题。本文拟在分析共享问题的基础上,从配置、使用、评价与激励几个方面提出合理化建议。     

耐深播抗旱玉米杂交种“42107”的选育及应用

本研究利用具有长根茎特性的兰粒玉米,在强化环境条件下,通过抗旱耐深播种质的筛选、基因导入等遗传育种方法,培育出适于我国北方广大干旱、半干旱地区种植的耐深播(深播20cm仍可正常出苗发育)、抗旱、抗病、综合性状优良的高产型玉米杂交种“42107”,它将为干旱地区的玉米高产稳产提供保证.     

Preparation and characterization of (POSS/TiO2)n multi-coatings based on PBO fiber surface for improvement of UV resistance

The application of poly (p-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber as reinforcement in composite material was restricted by its photo-degradation, therefore, some measures should be considered to protect PBO fiber against UV aging. In this study, A series of multilayer coating for (POSS/TiO₂)_n was prepared on PBO fiber surface via LbL assembly technique for enhancement of UV resistance. TiO₂ as UV absorbing material was used to relieve UV-degradation of PBO. Surface elemental composition, surface morphology, mechanical and interfacial properties, and UV resistance of uncoated and coated PBO fibers were investigated. These experimental results show multilayer coating of (POSS/TiO₂)_n was uniform deposition on fiber surface after treatment, tensile strength decreased to certain extent, interfacial shear strength increased in a small range and UV resistance is obvious enhanced. After the same accelerated aging time under UV irradiation, the retention of tensile strength and intrinsic viscosity of coated PBO fibers were much better than that of untreated PBO fibers.     

大豆卵磷脂研究现状

大豆在我国有广泛的种植,大豆卵磷脂是大豆油生产过程中的副产品,是一种理想的多用途天然原料,具有十分独特的功能和作用,并已在许多领域内得到广泛的应用。介绍大豆卵磷脂的化学结构、理化性质、应用、提纯方法等方面的研究概况,并对此进行了展望。     

Enhancing the mineral and vitamin content of wheat and maize through plant breeding

More than half of the world's population suffers micronutrient undernourishment. The main sources of vitamins and minerals (iron, zinc, and vitamin A) for low-income rural and urban populations are staple foods of plant origin that often contain low levels or low bioavailability of these micronutrients. Biofortification aims to develop micronutrient-enhanced crop varieties through conventional plant breeding. HarvestPlus, the CGIAR's biofortification initiative, seeks to breed and disseminate crop varieties with enhanced micronutrient content that can improve the nutrition of the “hard to reach” (by fortification or supplementation programmes) rural and urban poor in targeted countries/regions. In attempting to enhance micronutrient levels in maize and wheat through conventional plant breeding, it is important to identify genetic resources with high levels of the targeted micronutrients, to consider the heritability of the targeted traits, to explore the availability of high throughput screening tools and to gain a better understanding of genotype by environment interactions. Biofortified maize and wheat varieties must have the trait combinations which encourage adoption such as high yield potential, disease resistance, and consumer acceptability. When defining breeding strategies and targeting micronutrient levels, researchers need to consider the desired micronutrient increases, food intake and retention and bioavailability as they relate to food processing, anti-nutritional factors and promoters. Finally, ex ante studies are required to quantify the burden of micronutrient deficiency and the potential of biofortification to achieve a significant improvement in human micronutrient status in the deficient target population in order to determine whether a biofortification program is cost-effective.     

Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Itralamide B and Biological Evaluation of Its Structural Analogs

Itralamides A and B were isolated from the lipophilic extract of Lyngbya majuscula collected from the eastern Caribbean. Itralamide B (1) showed cytotoxic activity towards human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293, IC₅₀ = 6 μM). Preliminary studies disapproved the proposed stereochemistry of itralamide. In this paper, we will provide a full account of the total synthesis of four stereoisomers of itralamide B and the results derived from biological tests of these structural congeners.