治疗仔猪断奶后腹泻——复合产品是否值得一试

仔猪断奶后腹泻在猪场的发生率很高,这使养猪生产者遭受了严重的经济损失。有机酸可导致胃内pH值下降,不利于致病菌生存。但由于致病菌的固有抵抗力,含有大量游离有机酸的混合物,与植物化学物质和渗透性物质（Biotronic Top3）的联合使用可以更有效地提高动物的生产性能和控制致病菌。     

A model of animal-human brucellosis transmission in Mongolia

We developed a dynamic model of livestock-to-human brucellosis transmission in Mongolia. The compartmental model considers transmission within sheep and cattle populations and the transmission to humans as additive components. The model was fitted to demographic and seroprevalence data (Rose Bengal test) from livestock and annually reported new human brucellosis cases in Mongolia for 1991-1999 prior to the onset of a mass livestock-vaccination campaign (S19 Brucella abortus for cattle and Rev 1 Brucella melitensis for sheep and goat). The vaccination effect was fitted to livestock- and human-brucellosis data from the first 3 years of the vaccination campaign (2000-2002). Parameters were optimized on the basis of the goodness-of-fit (assessed by the deviance). The simultaneously fitted sheep-human and cattle-human contact rates show that 90% of human brucellosis was small-ruminant derived. Average effective reproductive ratios for the year 1999 were 1.2 for sheep and 1.7 for cattle.     

Application of bovine microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis of European bison (Bison bonasus)

In this study, the cross‐amplification of a commercial multiplex set of 11 cattle (Bos taurus) microsatellites was tested on a panel of 35 European bison (Bison bonasus) individuals. After polymerase chain reaction optimization, all loci cross‐amplified successfully in investigated bisons. Number of alleles and observed and expected heterozygosity per locus are in the range of 2–4, 0.086–0.629 and 0.288–0.621 respectively. The availability of a heterologous set of multiplexed microsatellite markers derived from cattle opens an avenue for collecting profound genetic data for efficient conservation management strategies of the European bison.     

Dietary selection for lysine by piglets at differing feeding regimen

The aim of the present study was to investigate preferences of piglets for diets varying in lysine (Lys) concentration and whether those preferences are influenced by changing position of diets on offer in feeders. For this purpose, a feeding trial was carried out over a period of 5 weeks. Piglets (equal proportions of barrows and gilts) with an initial BW of 7.4 ± 0.9 kg were randomly subdivided into four groups of 12 pigs each and were housed in single pens. Two reference groups were fed diets containing either 0.7% Lys (low-Lys group) or 1.0% Lys (high-Lys group). Two other groups had the choice from two diets containing 0.7 or 1.0% Lys offered simultaneously in identical feeders. For animals of one of these choice groups (Lys-choice 1 group) the position of diets in the feeders remained unchanged throughout the experimental period, but for animals of a second choice group (Lys-choice 2 group) position of the diets on offer in the feeders was changed two times a week.Average daily feed intake and daily gain were greatly (p < 0.05) decreased in animals of the low-Lys group compared to other treatments, and feed to gain ratio was increased. Performance of animals in Lys-choice 1 group was numerically decreased compared to animals of Lys-choice 2 group. Chosen diets of Lys-choice groups 1 and 2 contained on average 31 and 19% feed with 0.7% Lys, respectively. Resulting Lys contents of total diets were 0.94 and 0.98% for Lys-choice groups 1 and 2, respectively, as a mean of the experiment. In week 1 animals of both Lys-choice groups met approximately 50% of total feed intake by consumption of the 0.7% Lys diet. Animals of Lys-choice 1 group lowered this portion to 20% in the last experimental week and animals of Lys-choice group 2 to 11%. Preference for the 1.0% Lys diet was evident (p < 0.05) from week 3 to 5 in Lys-choice 1 group and from week 2 to 5 in Lys-choice 2 group.Piglets are able to distinguish between diets differing in Lys content and to prefer a better balanced diet over a Lys-deficient one. Changing the position of the diets on offer in the feeders two times a week does not impair the ability to select for a diet more adequate in Lys concentration, but led in contrary to a slightly higher preference for Lys.     

Physiological response of temperature shocks in turbot and sole

In the present study, selected temperature drops were examined to investigate the effects of live chilling on stress and welfare in turbot and sole. This study demonstrated that rapid temperature drops from 11°C–12°C and 18°C–18.7°C to 4°C–0°C in turbot resulted in higher blood sodium and potassium at 0°C (164 mmol l^?1, 4.4 mmol ^?1) compared to 4°C (153 mmol l^?1, 3.1 mmol ^?1), indicating osmoregulatory disturbance. A rapid temperature drop from 18°C to 0°C in Senegal sole also resulted in higher blood sodium and potassium at 0°C (164 mmol l^?1, 4.8 mmol ^?1) compared to the control group at 18°C (157 mmol l^?1, 3.2 mmol ^?1). Based on present findings, we conclude that immersion in ice water will have a negative effect on the animal osmoregulatory capacity, and we recommend that turbot and sole are stunned before slaughter.